ASTM C796 - C 796M - 19
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Designation: C796/C796M −19
Standard Test Method for
Foaming Agents for Use in Producing Cellular Concrete
Using Preformed Foam
1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C796/C796M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method furnishes a way of measuring, in the
laboratory, the performance of a foaming chemical to be used
in producing foam (air cells) for making cellular concrete.
1.2 This test method includes the following:
1.2.1 Manufacture of laboratory quantities of cellular con-
crete.
1.2.2 Determination of the air content of the freshly pre-
pared cellular concrete and of the hardened concrete after
handling in conventional machinery.
1.2.3 Determination of the following properties of the
hardened concrete: compressive strength, tensile splitting
strength, density, and water absorption. It may not be necessary
to study all of the above properties in all cases, depending on
the proposed use of the material.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure
conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems
shall not be combined.
1.4 If the required results obtained from another standard
are not reported in the same system of units as used by this
standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the
conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
as requirements of the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
drical Concrete Specimens
C88/C88M Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by
Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Laboratory
C495/C495M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Lightweight Insulating Concrete
C496/C496M Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
C802 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Pro-
gram to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for
Construction Materials
C869/C869M Specification for Foaming Agents Used in
Making Preformed Foam for Cellular Concrete
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 cellular concrete—a lightweight product consisting of
portland cement, cement-silica, cement-pozzolan, lime-
pozzolan, or lime-silica pastes, or pastes containing blends of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.
Current edition approved July 1, 2019. Published August 2019. Originally
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C796/C796M–12.
DOI: 10.1520/C0796_C0796M-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
these ingredients and having a homogeneous void or cell
structure, attained with gas-forming chemicals or foaming
agents (for cellular concretes containing binder ingredients
other than, or in addition to portland cement, autoclave curing
is usually employed).
3
In cellular concrete the density control
is achieved by substituting macroscopic air cells for all or part
of the fine aggregate. Normal-weight coarse aggregate is
usually not used but lightweight aggregates, both fine and
coarse, are often utilized in cellular concrete.
3.2 Symbols:
D
ex1
= experimental density of the concrete before
pumping, kg/m
3
[lb/ft
3
]
D
ex2
= experimental density of the concrete after pumping,
kg/m
3
[lb/ft
3
]
D
th
= theoretical density of the plastic mix based on
absolute volume, kg/m
3
[lb/ft
3
]
D
d
= design density of the text mixture, kg/m
3
[lb/ft
3
]
SGC = specific gravity of cement = 3.15
T= time required to overfill the container, min
T
1
= time required to generate 1 m
3
[1 ft
3
] of foam, min
V= volume of foam container, m
3
[ft
3
]
V
a
= volume of air required in the test batch, m
3
[ft
3
]
V
c
= volume of test specimen (cylinder), m
3
[ft
3
]
V
f
= volume of foam in the test batch, m
3
[ft
3
]
V
w
= volume of water absorbed by test specimen in 24 h,
m
3
[ft
3
]
W
1
= net mass of foam in overfilled container before
striking off, kg [lb]
W
2
= net mass of foam in container after striking off, kg
[lb]
W
c
= mass of cement in the test batch, kg [lb]
W
f
= mass of foam in the test batch, kg [lb]
W
TW
= total mass of water in the test batch, including
weight of foam, kg [lb]
W
uf
= density of foam, kg/m
3
[lb/ft
3
]
W
w
= mass of water added to test batch at mixer, kg [lb]
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method includes the following:
4.1.1 Manufacture of laboratory quantities of cellular con-
crete.
4.1.2 Determination of the air content of freshly prepared
cellular concrete and of hardened concrete after handling in
conventional machinery.
4.1.3 Determination of the following properties of hardened
concrete: compressive strength, tensile splitting strength,
density, and water absorption. It may not be necessary to study
all of the above properties in all cases, depending on the
proposed use of the material.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is used to develop data for comparison
or compliance with the requirements of Specification C869/
C869M.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Mixer—The mixer shall be a power-driven paddle-type
mixer with a capacity of at least 0.10 m
3
[4 ft
3
], an operating
speed of 4 to 5 rad/s [40 to 50 r/min], and equipped with rubber
wiper blades.
6.2 Foam Generator—The foam generator shall be a
laboratory-sized generator approved by the manufacturer of the
foam being used and shall be similar to the type used in the
field.
6.3 Pump—The pump shall be an open or closed throat-type
pump and shall be run at 27 to 66 rad/s [260 to 630 r/min]. The
pump shall be equipped with a 0.15-m
3
[4.5-ft
3
] “feed”
reservoir and 15 m [50 ft] of open-end 25-mm [1-in.] inside
diameter rubber hose on the pump discharge, the exit end of the
hose being at the same height as the pump.
6.4 Curing Cabinet—The curing cabinet shall be as de-
scribed in Specification C511.
6.5 Molds—The cylindrical molds for compression test
specimens shall be as described in the Apparatus section of
Test Method C495/C495M. The molds for all other test
specimens shall conform to the cylinder molds in the Apparatus
section of Practice C192/C192M.
6.6 Strike-Off Plate for Molds—A 6-mm [
1
⁄
4
-in.] thick, flat
steel plate at least 200 mm [8 in.] longer and 50 mm [2 in.]
wider than the diameter of the mold.
6.7 Scales—Scales and mass shall be accurate to within
0.1 % of the weight of the material being measured.
6.8 Compression Machines—Compression testing machines
used for compressive strength tests and tensile-splitting
strength tests shall conform to the requirements of Test Method
C39/C39M.
6.9 Drying Oven—The drying oven shall be as described in
Test Method C88/C88M.
6.10 Compressed Air—A source of compressed air capable
of maintaining pressures at a selected pressure in the range of
400 to 700 kPa [60 to 100 psi]. The pressure selected shall be
held in a tolerance of 635 kPa [65 psi].
6.11 Weighing Container for Concrete— A machined-steel
container of 0.015 m
3
[0.5 ft
3
] volume with a flat smooth rim.
6.12 Strike-Off Plate for Weighing Container—A 6-mm
[
1
⁄
4
-in.] thick, flat steel plate, at least 200 mm [8 in.] longer and
50 mm [2 in.] wider than the diameter of the rim of the
weighing container.
6.13 Stop Watch—A stop watch graduated in seconds and
minutes.
6.14 Calipers—Calipers to span 75, 150, and 300 mm [3, 6,
and 12 in.].
6.15 Foam Weighing Container—A lightweight vessel of
approximately 0.06 m
3
[2 ft
3
] capacity, with a smooth rim for
striking off.
6.16 Strike-Off Plate for Foam Weighing Container—A
6-mm [
1
⁄
4
-in.] thick, flat steel plate at least 200 mm [8 in.]
longer and 50 mm [2 in.] wider than the diameter of the rim of
the container.
3
ACI Committee 116, “Cement and Concrete Terminology,” American Concrete
Institute, Publication SP-19, 1967, p. 144.
C796/C796M − 19
2
6.17 Small Tools—Small tools such as a rubber-headed
hammer and a trowel shall be provided.
7. Materials and Proportions
7.1 Cement—The cement used shall be Type I or Type III
portland cement meeting the requirements of Specification
C150/C150M.
7.2 Water-Cement Ratio—The water requirement will vary
with the type and source of cement. For the purpose of these
tests, w/c = 0.58 for Type I cement and w/c = 0.64 for Type III
cement shall be used. However, if a particular cement or
foaming agent used with these values of w/c does not produce
a satisfactory mix, a trial mix or mixes may be made using a
different water-cement ratio.
7.3 Batch Quantities—The cement quantity shall be suffi-
cient to allow molding all the test specimens from one test
batch. The mixture water-cement ratio determined from 7.2
shall be used to make the test batch.
7.3.1 The foaming solution in the foam shall be considered
as part of the total mixing water. Foam volume shall be
adjusted for the batch to produce a density after pumping of
640 650 kg/m
3
[40 63 lb/ft
3
].
8. Procedure
8.1 Make an aqueous solution of the foaming agent in the
dilution specified by the manufacturer. If the dilution is not
specified, preliminary tests are necessary to determine the
required dilution. A suggested starting point for such tests is 40
parts water to 1 part foaming agent, by volume.
8.2 Charge the foam generator with the amount of foaming
solution suggested by the manufacturer of the generator.
8.3 Connect the generator with the source of compressed
air, adjusting the pressure to that recommended by the manu-
facturer of the foaming agent being tested.
8.4 Using the stop watch, calibrate the generator as follows.
Weigh the empty foam container and determine its volume.
Overfill the container with foam, measuring the time required
using a stop watch then weigh. Strike off the excess foam,
holding the strike-off plate in a horizontal position (plane of the
plate horizontal) and moving it across the top of the container
with a sawing action. Again weigh. Calculate the time required
per cubic metre [or cubic foot] of foam using the following
equation:
T
1
5TW
2
W
1
V(1)
8.4.1 Calculate also the density of the foam as follows:
W
uf
5W
2
V(2)
8.4.2 Calculate the length of time required to generate the
required volume of foam, V
f
T
1
, as follows:
SI Units:
V
f
T
1
51000 V
a
T
1
1000 2W
uf
(3)
Inch-Pound Units:
V
f
T
1
5
62.4 V
a
T
1
62.4 2W
uf
(4)
8.4.3 Calculate the mass, W
f
, of the required volume of
foam, V
f
W
uf
.
NOTE 1—The density of the foam will usually range from 30 to 65
kg/m3[2 to 4 lb/ft
3
] depending on the foam chemical used. Adjust the
density of foam, W
uf
, to the manufacturer’s recommendation if the foam
generator is adjustable.
8.4.3.1 If Type I cement is used, weigh out 26.0 – W
f
kg
[58.0 – W
f
lb] of water, W
w
, and 45.0 kg [100.0 lb] of Type I
cement.
8.4.3.2 If Type III cement is used, weigh out 29.0 – W
f
kg
[64.0 – W
f
lb] of water, W
w
, and 45.0 kg [100.0 lb] of Type III
cement.
8.5 Wet the mixer with water and drain. Add the water, W
w
,
and start the mixer. Gradually add the cement (over a period of
1
⁄
2
min). With a trowel, break up any lumps of undispersed
cement. Mix for 5 min.
8.6 While still mixing, add V
f
m
3
[ft
3
] of foam. The required
foam time is V
f
T
1
. Mix for 2 min after all the foam has been
added. Discharge the mixer into the pump feed reservoir.
Immediately, proceed to 8.7.
8.7 Weighing—Fill a tared weighing container with a repre-
sentative sample of the concrete in the reservoir. Before taking
the sample, carefully mix the concrete in the reservoir to assure
better uniformity without entrapping large air bubbles in the
mix. Use a paddle of proper size to reach the bottom of the
reservoir. Use a scoop to transfer the concrete to the container
and tap the sides of the container briskly with the rubber
hammer during the filling operation. Overfill the container and
strike off the excess concrete, holding the strike-off plate in a
horizontal position (plane of plate horizontal) and moving it
across the top of the container with a sawing motion. Wipe the
surface of the container free of spilled concrete with a cloth.
Weigh the full container. Calculate the density of the concrete
and record as the density before pumping (D
ex1
).
8.7.1 Pump the batch of concrete through the 15-m [50-ft]
hose, discharging it into a sampling basin. From the sampling
basin, take a second density sample as in 8.7, weigh, and record
as the density after pumping (D
ex2
).
8.8 Molding—Immediately, fill the cylinder molds with
concrete from the sampling basin. Tap the sides of the mold
with the rubber hammer while the mold is being filled. The
minimum number of specimens required is four cylinders, 75
by 150 mm [3 by 6 in.] and ten cylinders 150 by 300 mm [6 by
12 in.].
8.8.1 As soon as possible after casting, strike off the top
surface of each specimen and cover the specimen with a plastic
bag to prevent evaporation, without marring the surface.
8.9 Removal from Molds and Curing— Follow the appli-
cable requirements of the Test Specimen section of Test
Method C495/C495M with the following exception: continue
air drying from day 25 to day 28 in place of oven drying the
specimens. Do not oven dry specimens that are to be load-
tested.
C796/C796M − 19
3
摘要：
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ASTM C796 - C 796M - 19 是国际材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布的一项标准测试方法，全称为“Standard Test Method for Foam-in-Place Insulation Using Thermocouple-Equipped Pyrameter”。该标准主要规定了通过热电偶配备的锥形量热仪评估现场发泡隔热材料在受热条件下性能的测试流程与要求。适用于建筑、工业及管道领域中使用的聚氨酯、聚异氰脲酸酯等发泡类型隔热材料。该标准通过测量材料在受控热流下的热释放速
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