ASTM C1065 - 08 (2022)

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Designation: C1065 −08 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Nuclear-Grade Zirconium Oxide Powder
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C1065; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This speciﬁcation deﬁnes the physical and chemical
requirements for zirconium oxide powder intended for fabri-
cation into shapes, either entirely or partially of zirconia, for
use in a nuclear reactor core.
1.2 The material described herein shall be particulate in
nature.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-µm (No. 200)
Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
C371 Test Method for Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Non-
plastic Ceramic Powders
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C1233 Practice for Determining Equivalent Boron Contents
of Nuclear Materials
E11 Speciﬁcation for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves
E105 Guide for Probability Sampling of Materials
2.2 ANSI Standard:
3
ANSI/ASME NQA-1 Quality Assurance Requirements for
Nuclear Facility Applications
2.3 U.S. Government Standard:
4
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 50, Energy
(10 CFR 50) Domestic Licensing of Production and Uti-
lization Facilities
3. Terminology
3.1 Terms shall be deﬁned in accordance with Terminology
C859 except for the following:
3.2 buyer—the organization issuing the purchase order.
3.3 phase transformation—the rearrangement of the atomic
ordering of a crystalline lattice as a material is cycled through
a critical transformation or inversion temperature. The change
from one crystalline phase to another may be accompanied by
a volume change that could lead to cracks or defects in
products fabricated from such materials.
3.4 powder lot—a speciﬁed quantity of zirconium oxide
powder (with stabilizing additive, if applicable) blended to-
gether such that samples taken in accordance with the proce-
dures of Section 8can be considered as representative of the
entire speciﬁed quantity.
3.5 seller—the zirconium oxide processor.
3.6 stabilizing additive—a material which, when added in
sufficient quantity to the subject material exhibiting the phase
transformation, produces a stabilized crystalline phase that
does not undergo a transformation at any temperature within
the expected fabrication or usage regime of the manufactured
product; the potentially deleterious volume change is therefore
avoided.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 The buyer shall specify the following information on the
order:
4.1.1 Quantity (weight of delivered product).
4.1.2 Nominal particle size range and applicable tolerances
in accordance with U.S. Standard Sieve Series (Speciﬁcation
E11). Test Method C371 and Test Method C117 and Speciﬁ-
cation E11 may be applied for particles larger than 37 µm. For
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on
Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.03 on
Neutron Absorber Materials Speciﬁcations.
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved
in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1065 – 08 (2015). DOI:
10.1520/C1065-08R22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

particle sizes less than 37 µm, the particle size distribution will

be determined using a method agreed upon between the buyer

and the seller.

4.1.3 Stabilizing Additive—The amount and types of stabi-

lizing additives (if any, including limits).

4.1.4 Lot size.

4.1.5 Sampling requirements.

5. Chemical Composition

5.1 A stabilizing additive may be used with the zirconium

oxide. The recommended stabilizing additive is either calcium

oxide (CaO) or yttrium oxide (Y

). The recommended

additive concentration in the case of CaO stabilization is 4 to

8 weight %. In the case of Y

stabilization, the recom-

mended additive concentration is 14 to 20 weight %.

5.2 Use analytical chemistry methods as agreed upon be-

tween the buyer and the seller.

5.3 Impurity Concentration—The impurity concentration

excluding the stabilizing additives shall not exceed 0.5

weight %. Individual element limits are speciﬁed in Table 1.

The buyer may specify additional limits for elements not listed

in Table 1.

5.4 The total equivalent boron content (EBC) shall not

exceed 500 µg ⁄g on a mass basis relative to ZrO

. The total

EBC is the sum of the individual EBC values. The method of

performing the calculation shall be as indicated in Practice

C1233.

6. Physical Requirements

6.1 The nominal particle size, particle size distribution and

applicable tolerances, shall be speciﬁed on the purchase order.

7. Cleanliness

7.1 The powder shall be handled in a manner to avoid

contamination by foreign matter such as dust, cleaning agents

and organics, and materials such as plastics and paper used in

packaging. Cleaning solutions, if used, shall be free of halides

and nonvolatile additives and shall be removed from the

powder prior to sampling and packaging.

8. Sampling

8.1 Sampling plans to meet acceptance criteria and inspec-

tion and measurement procedures that describe the method of

compliance with this speciﬁcation shall be approved by the

buyer prior to use. The degree of sampling shall be speciﬁed on

the purchase order. Practice E105 is referenced as a guide.

8.2 Sufficient sampling shall be taken, as needed, for quality

veriﬁcation tests, acceptance tests, referee tests and archive

samples.

8.3 Archive samples shall be retained and disposed in

accordance with the buyer’s instructions.

9. Inspection and Certiﬁcation

9.1 The seller shall inspect the material covered by this

speciﬁcation and shall furnish the buyer with certiﬁcates of

tests showing the results of testing and inspection performed on

each powder lot.

9.2 The seller shall certify that each powder lot is in

compliance with the provisions of this speciﬁcation.

10. Rejection and Rehearing

10.1 Unless the buyer and seller agree otherwise, rejection

and acceptance shall be on a lot basis.

10.2 Powder lots that fail to conform to the requirements of

the speciﬁcation may be rejected by the buyer. The seller may

petition the buyer to waive selected requirements for identiﬁed

out-of-speciﬁcation lots. The decision to grant such waiver

belongs to the buyer. The seller may also apply any remedy to

bring rejected lots into speciﬁcation providing the seller can

demonstrate to the buyer that such remedy does not impair the

function or preclude the certiﬁcation of the rejected material.

10.3 In the event of disagreement over the results of

analysis, samples shall be submitted to a mutually selected

referee for resolution.

11. Packaging and Package Marking

11.1 The powder shall be packaged in sealed containers for

shipment from the seller to the buyer. The seller will be

responsible for using a shipping container which ensures

cleanliness, minimizes moisture pickup, provides adequate

protection against damage during transportation, and ensures

reasonable ease of unpackaging.

11.2 Each container shall be clearly marked with the fol-

lowing:

11.2.1 Zirconium oxide powder plus stabilizing additive, if

applicable,

11.2.2 Purchase order number,

11.2.3 Purchase order speciﬁcation,

11.2.4 Gross, tare, and net weight,

11.2.5 Lot number, and

11.2.6 Name of seller.

12. Quality Assurance

12.1 Quality Assurance requirements shall be agreed upon

between the buyer and the seller when speciﬁed in the purchase

TABLE 1 Impurity Concentration Limits

Element Maximum Concentration

Limit (µg/g Powder)

Hf 200

B 100

Gd 50

Gd+Sm+Eu+Dy 200

Co 100

Si 2000

F30

F+Cl+Br+I 100

Fe 1000

3000

Mg 1200

Al 1500

Ti 100

Th 400

This number will be higher if used as a stabilizing additive.

C1065 − 08 (2022)

order. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 50, Appendix

B, and ANSI/ASME NQA-1 are referenced as guides.

13. Keywords

13.1 CaO; powder; stabilizing additive; Y

; zirconium

oxide

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned

in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk

of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ﬁve years and

if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards

and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the

responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should

make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,

United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above

address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website

(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222

Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http://www.copyright.com/

C1065 − 08 (2022)

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摘要：

ASTM C1065 - 08 (2022) 是一项由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布的标准规范，主要针对高纯度耐火纤维制品的厚度、密度及热导率测试方法进行规定。该标准适用于在高温工业环境中使用的陶瓷纤维制品，如窑炉衬里、隔热层及密封材料，其最新版本（2022年重新批准）明确了样品制备、测量精度及数据处理流程，确保产品在不同温度下的热性能评估具有一致性和可重复性。对于从事耐火材料生产、质量检测及工程设计的专业人员而言，遵循ASTM C1065有助于优化节能设计、提升设备安全寿命，并满足国际供应

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