ASTM C1622 - C 1622M - 10 (2016)e1

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Designation: C1622/C1622M −10 (Reapproved 2016)
´1
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Cold-Weather Admixture Systems
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C1622/C1622M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε
1
NOTE—Editorially corrected ASTM designation references in October 2016.
1. Scope*
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers cold-weather admixture sys-
tems to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete when the
temperature of the concrete immediately after placement will
be as low as -5.0 °C [23.0 °F] prior to the time of initial set.
1.2 This speciﬁcation stipulates tests of the cold-weather
admixture system with suitable materials as described in 11.1
–11.3 or with materials proposed for speciﬁc work (See 11.5).
Unless otherwise requested by the purchaser, tests shall be
made using suitable concreting materials as described in 11.1 –
11.3.
NOTE 1—Whenever practicable, tests should be made using the
concreting materials, the mixture proportions, and batching sequence
proposed for the speciﬁc work (See 11.5) because the time of setting,
compressive strength gain, and other properties may vary.
1.3 This speciﬁcation provides three levels of testing.
1.3.1 Level 1—During the initial approval stage, proof of
compliance with the performance requirements deﬁned in
Table 1 demonstrates that the cold-weather admixture system
meets the requirements of this speciﬁcation. Uniformity and
equivalence tests (See Section 6) shall be carried out to provide
results against which later comparisons can be made.
1.3.2 Level 2—Limited retesting is described in 5.2,5.2.1,
and 5.2.2. Proof of compliance with the requirements of Table
1demonstrates conformity of the admixture system with the
requirements of this speciﬁcation.
1.3.3 Level 3—For acceptance of a lot or for measuring
uniformity within or between lots, when speciﬁed by the
purchaser, uniformity and equivalence tests (See Section 6)
shall be used.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes,
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and ﬁgures) shall not be considered
as requirements of the standard.
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test
methods portion, Sections 11–18, of this speciﬁcation. This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
tions prior to use. WARNING—Fresh hydraulic cementitious
mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
tissue upon prolonged exposure.
2
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
C33/C33M Speciﬁcation for Concrete Aggregates
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
drical Concrete Specimens
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
gregates
C136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and
Coarse Aggregates
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,
and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
Concrete
C150/C150M Speciﬁcation for Portland Cement
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C183/C183M Practice for Sampling and the Amount of
Testing of Hydraulic Cement
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1622/C1622M-10.
DOI: 10.1520/C1622_C1622M-10R16E01.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregates and Concrete Testing,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol. 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Laboratory
C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
Concrete by the Pressure Method
C260/C260M Speciﬁcation for Air-Entraining Admixtures
for Concrete
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C494/C494M Speciﬁcation for Chemical Admixtures for
Concrete
C666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to
Rapid Freezing and Thawing
C1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly
Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C1231/C1231M Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps in
Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Cy-
lindrical Concrete Specimens
D1193 Speciﬁcation for Reagent Water
2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:
4
ACI 211.1 Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal,
Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions:
3.1.1 For deﬁnitions of terms used in this speciﬁcation, refer
to Terminology C125.
3.2 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.2.1 cold-weather admixture system, n—an admixture or
group of admixtures that depresses the freezing point of mixing
water and increases the hydration rate of cement in concrete.
3.2.2 control concrete mixture, n—a concrete mixture with-
out the cold-weather admixture system.
3.2.3 dummy concrete specimen, n—additional concrete
specimen instrumented with a temperature sensing device to
estimate the temperature of test concrete specimens.
3.2.4 replicate concrete specimen, n—additional time-of-
setting specimen exposed to the same temperature regimen as
the test concrete specimen.
3.2.5 test concrete mixture, n—a concrete mixture with the
cold weather admixture system.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Low Temperature Environment—A chamber of sufficient
size to subject the test specimens to the speciﬁed low tempera-
ture and that allows access for laboratory personnel to conduct
appropriate tests. The chamber or chambers shall be capable of
cooling numerous specimens from their initial temperature to
-5.0 61 °C [23.0 62.0 °F] within the speciﬁed elapsed time
and maintain them at that temperature for the speciﬁed time
period.
4.2 Temperature Measuring Equipment—The temperature
measuring equipment shall be capable of measuring and
recording the temperature at the center of the dummy speci-
mens to 61.0 °C [62.0 °F] at least every
1
⁄
2
h for 7 days.
4.3 Tools—Molds and tools for preparing test specimens as
described in Practice C192/C192M. Molds shall have lids to
provide for sealed conditions.
5. General Requirements
5.1 For initial compliance with this speciﬁcation, the con-
crete shall be tested with the cold-weather admixture system
for conformance with the requirements in Table 1.
5.2 The purchaser is permitted to require limited retesting to
conﬁrm current compliance of the admixture system to speci-
ﬁcation requirements. The limited retesting includes measure-
ments of physical and performance properties of the admixture
system as described in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.
5.2.1 The physical properties retesting consists of unifor-
mity and equivalence tests of the admixture system for infrared
absorption spectrum and relative density.
5.2.2 The performance properties retesting consists of time
of initial setting and compressive strength of concrete at 7 and
28 days. Purchasers having special requirements are permitted
to require additional tests.
5.3 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall
state in writing that the admixture system supplied for use in
the work is equivalent in all essential respects, including
concentration, to the admixture system tested under this
speciﬁcation.
5.4 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall
state in writing the chloride content of the admixture system.
4
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.aci-int.org.
TABLE 1 Performance Requirements
for Cold-Weather Admixture
A
Time of Initial Setting,
maximum % of control
B
200
Compressive Strength.
minimum % of control
C
7 days
D
40
28 days 80
90 days 90
Length Change, Maximum Shrinkage
(alternative requirements)
E
Percent of Control
B
135
Increase over control, percentage points 0.010
Relative Durability Factor,
Minimum % of control
F
80
A
The values in the table include allowance for normal variation in test results
B
As an example, in the case of initial time of setting, if the control mixture has a set
time of 4.0 hrs, the test specimens can have a set time up to 8.0 hrs. For length
change, if the control specimen shrinks X units, the test specimen is allowed to
shrink up to 1.35X.
C
The compressive strength of the concrete containing the cold-weather admixture
shall not be less than 90 % of that attained at the previous test age. The objective
of this limit is to require that the compressive strength of the cold-weather
admixture concrete shall not decrease with age.
D
Because the test specimens will be cool and damp for the 7d compressive test,
it will be necessary to use unbonded caps as described in Practice
C1231/C1231M.
E
Alternative requirements, see 17.1.2: Percent of control applies when shrinkage
of control concrete is 0.030 % or greater; the increase over control limit applies
when shrinkage of control concrete is 0.030 % or less.
F
This requirement is applicable only when the cold-weather admixture is to be
used in air-entrained concrete that may be exposed to freezing and thawing while
wet.
C1622/C1622M − 10 (2016)
´1
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5.5 Tests for uniformity and equivalence, as indicated in

Section 6, shall be made on the initial sample and the results

retained for reference and comparison with the results of

samples taken elsewhere within the lot or subsequent lots of

admixture supplied to the work.

6. Uniformity and Equivalence Tests

6.1 When speciﬁed by the purchaser, the uniformity of a lot,

or equivalence of multiple lots from the same source shall be

established by the following requirements:

6.1.1 Infrared Analysis—The absorption spectra of the ini-

tial sample and the test sample, obtained as speciﬁed in Section

18, shall exhibit the same pattern of absorption bands in terms

of frequency and intensity.

6.1.2 Relative Density (Liquid Admixture)—When tested as

speciﬁed in Section 18, the relative density (speciﬁc gravity) of

subsequent test samples shall not differ from the relative

density of the initial sample by more than 10 % of the

difference between the relative density of the initial sample and

reagent water at the same temperature. Reagent water conform-

ing to Speciﬁcation D1193, Type III or IV, and prepared by

distillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or a combination of

these procedures, is acceptable (See Note 2).

6.2 When the nature of the admixture system or analytical

capability of the purchaser make these procedures unsuitable,

other requirements for uniformity and equivalence from lot to

lot or within a lot shall be established by agreement between

the purchaser and the manufacturer.

NOTE 2—Oven drying methods are not appropriate for measuring the

oven-dried residue content for cold-weather admixture system because

water, present in the form of bound water of hydration, is released slowly

upon drying, and can often lead to highly variable results. Relative density

is an acceptable indication of lot-to-lot uniformity.

7. Packaging and Marking

7.1 When the cold-weather admixture system is delivered in

packages or containers, the proprietary name of the individual

admixtures in the system, the designation of this speciﬁcation,

and the net mass or volume shall be plainly marked thereon.

Similar information shall be provided in the shipping informa-

tion accompanying packages or bulk shipments of admixture.

8. Storage

8.1 Store the cold-weather admixture system to permit easy

access for proper inspection and identiﬁcation of each

shipment, and in a suitable building that will protect the

admixture from moisture absorption if it is a dry admixture or

from freezing if it is a liquid admixture.

9. Sampling and Testing

9.1 Every facility shall be provided to the purchaser for

sampling and inspection, either at the point of manufacture or

at the site of the work, as speciﬁed by the purchaser.

9.2 Samples shall be either “grab” or “composite” samples

as speciﬁed by this speciﬁcation. A grab sample is one obtained

in a single operation. A composite sample is one obtained by

combining three or more grab samples.

9.3 For the purpose of this speciﬁcation, it is recognized that

samples will be taken for two reasons:

9.3.1 Compliance Tests—A sample taken for evaluating

compliance of a source or lot of cold-weather admixture

system shall meet the applicable requirements of this speciﬁ-

cation. Samples used to determine conformance with this

speciﬁcation shall be composites of grab samples taken from

different locations so that the composite sample will be

representative of the lot.

9.3.2 Uniformity and Equivalence Tests—When speciﬁed by

the purchaser, a sample taken for evaluating the uniformity of

a single lot or equivalence of multiple lots from one source

shall be tested as provided in Section 6. When uniformity of a

single lot is being determined, grab samples shall be used.

When uniformity of multiple lots from the same source is being

determined, composite samples from individual lots shall be

used.

9.4 Liquid Admixtures—Liquid admixtures shall be agitated

immediately prior to sampling. Grab samples taken for quality

or uniformity tests shall represent a unit shipment or a single

production lot. Each grab sample shall be at least 1 L [1 qt]. At

least three grab samples of equal portions shall be taken.

Composite samples shall be prepared by mixing the grab

samples and the resultant mixture shall provide at least 3 L [3

qt] for compliance tests. Grab samples shall be taken from

different locations distributed throughout the quantity to be

represented.

9.4.1 Admixtures in bulk storage tanks shall be sampled

equally from the upper, intermediate, and lower levels by

means of drain cocks in the sides of the tanks or a weighted

sampling bottle ﬁtted with a stopper that can be removed after

the bottle is lowered to the desired depth.

9.4.2 Samples shall be stored in impermeable containers

that are resistant to attack by the admixture.

9.5 Nonliquid Admixtures—Grab samples taken for compli-

ance or uniformity tests shall be at least 1kg [2 lb]. At least four

grab samples of equal portions shall be taken from not more

than 2 Mg [2 tons] of admixture. Prepare composite samples by

mixing the grab samples and sampling the resultant mixture to

provide at least 2.5 kg [5 lb] for the composite sample. Take

grab samples from different locations distributed throughout

the quantity to be represented.

9.5.1 Obtain samples of packaged admixtures by means of a

sampler as described in Practice C183/C183M.

9.5.2 Samples shall be stored in moisture-proof, airtight

containers.

9.6 Mix samples before testing to ensure uniformity. When

recommended by the manufacturer, dissolve the entire sample

of non-liquid admixture in water prior to testing.

10. Rejection

10.1 For initial compliance testing, the purchaser is permit-

ted to reject the cold-weather admixture system if it fails to

meet any of the requirements of this speciﬁcation.

10.2 For the initial retesting, the purchaser is permitted to

reject the admixture if it fails to meet any of the requirements

of Section 6and applicable parts of Table 1, as deﬁned in 5.2.2.

C1622/C1622M − 10 (2016)

´1

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摘要：

ASTM C1622 - C 1622M - 10 (2016)e1 是材料科学与工程领域中一项重要的标准化测试方法，专门用于测量玻璃及其玻璃基复合材料在不同温度条件下的热导率。该标准由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布，首次颁布于2010年，并于2016年进行了重新批准和技术编辑性修正（以“e1”标识）。该标准适用于评估玻璃材料在高温环境下的热传导性能，为航空航天、建筑节能、电子封装及工业隔热等领域的材料选择与质量控制提供了可靠依据。通过规范化的测试流程，用户可获得精确、可重复的热导率数据，从

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