ASTM C1697 - 21

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Designation: C1697 −21
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Blended Supplementary Cementitious Materials
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C1697; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers blended supplementary ce-
mentitious materials that result from the blending or intergrind-
ing of two or three ASTM compliant supplementary cementi-
tious materials, for use in concrete or mortar where hydraulic
or pozzolanic action, or both, is desired. The supplementary
cementitious materials include slag cement conforming to
Speciﬁcation C989/C989M, natural pozzolans and coal ﬂy ash
conforming to Speciﬁcation C618 and silica fume conforming
to Speciﬁcation C1240.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
NOTE 1—The incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials as
separate additions or as a manufactured blend may signiﬁcantly alter the
properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The user should be aware of
these changes and is referred to the ACI Manual of Concrete Practice
2
for
information and guidelines. Speciﬁc reference is made to:
ACI 232.1R Use of Natural Pozzolans in Concrete
ACI 232.2R Use of Fly Ash in Concrete
ACI 233R Slag Cement in Concrete and Mortar
ACI 234R Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
Cement
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
gregates
C150/C150M Speciﬁcation for Portland Cement
C151/C151M Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hy-
draulic Cement
C183/C183M Practice for Sampling and the Amount of
Testing of Hydraulic Cement
C311/C311M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly
Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement
Concrete
C618 Speciﬁcation for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C989/C989M Speciﬁcation for Slag Cement for Use in
Concrete and Mortars
C1240 Speciﬁcation for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious
Mixtures
C1778 Guide for Reducing the Risk of Deleterious Alkali-
Aggregate Reaction in Concrete
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions:
3.1.1 For deﬁnitions of other terms used in this
speciﬁcation, refer to Terminology C125.
3.2 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.2.1 slag cement, n—granulated blast furnace slag that is
ground to cement ﬁneness with or without additions and meets
Speciﬁcation C989/C989M.
3.2.2 supplementary cementitious material, n—a slag ce-
ment or pozzolan that contributes to the properties of concrete
or mortar through hydraulic or pozzolanic activity, or both.
3.2.3 silica fume, n—as deﬁned in Speciﬁcation C1240.
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.24 on Supplementary Cementitious Materials.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021. Published September 2021. Originally
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C1697 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/C1697-21.
2
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.concrete.org.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

4. Classiﬁcation
4.1 This speciﬁcation applies to a hydraulic or pozzolanic
material composed of a blend of multiple supplementary
cementitious materials as deﬁned in Table 1. The supplemen-
tary cementitious materials of the blend are identiﬁed in
accordance with the Type listed in the ﬁrst column of Table 1.
For the purpose of conformance to the requirements of this
speciﬁcation, the blend is classiﬁed according to the predomi-
nant supplementary cementitious material. For blended supple-
mentary cementitious matierals that have no predominant
constituent, the manufacturer selects the blend type.
4.2 The naming practice for reporting blended supplemen-
tary cementitious materials is as follows:
SCMb 2Axx/Byy/Czz
where:
SCMb = designation of the product as a blended supplemen-
tary cementitious material,
A= targeted mass % of the predominant supplementary
cementitious material in the blended supplementary
cementitious material expressed by mass of the
ﬁnal blended supplementary cementitious material,
xx = predominant supplementary cementitious
material—use Type designation in accordance with
Table 1,
B= targeted mass % of the secondary supplementary
cementitious material in the blended supplementary
cementitious material expressed by mass of the
ﬁnal blended supplementary cementitious material,
yy = secondary supplementary cementitious material—
use Type designation in accordance with Table 1,
C= targeted mass % of the tertiary supplementary
cementitious material in the blended supplementary
cementitious material expressed by mass of the
ﬁnal blended supplementary cementitious material.
This would be required only for ternary mixtures,
and
zz = tertiary supplementary cementitious material—use
Type designation in accordance with Table 1
NOTE 2—Examples of the naming practice are as follows:
A binary mixture of 65 % Class C ﬂy ash and 35 % slag cement would be:
SCMb 265C/35S
A ternary mixture of 60 % Class F ﬂy ash, 35 % slag cement and 5 %
silica fume would be:
SCMb 260F/35S/5SF
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Orders for material under this speciﬁcation shall include
the following:
5.1.1 Speciﬁcation number,
5.1.2 The composition of the blend using the naming
convention in 4.2.
5.1.3 Any optional requirements as delineated in Table 2.
NOTE 3—In advance of ordering, it is important to check for market
availability of blended supplementary cementitious materials.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 All individual constituents used in the manufacture of
the blended supplementary cementitious material shall con-
form to their applicable speciﬁcation.
6.2 All blended supplementary cementitious materials shall
consist of a uniform mixture of constituents within the limits
speciﬁed in Section 9.
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 The individual constituents and the blended supplemen-
tary cementitious material shall be chemically analyzed using
applicable analytical methods of Test Methods C311/C311M or
Test Methods C114. Analyze for major and minor oxides
present in greatest quantity that together, including loss-on-
ignition constitutes at least 98 % of the total mass of the
material.
7.2 There are no chemical requirements for the blended
supplementary cementitious material but the chemical compo-
sition of the constituents and of the blended supplementary
cementitious material are necessary to verify blend propor-
tions.
8. Physical and Optional Properties
8.1 Blended supplementary cementitious materials shall
conform to the physical requirements in Table 3, where the
blend type is in accordance with Section 4.
8.2 Blended supplementary cementitious materials shall
conform to the optional requirements in Table 2, only when
speciﬁcally requested by the purchaser. The blend type is in
accordance with Section 4.
9. Permissible Variations in Blending Accuracy
9.1 The amount of pozzolan or slag cement in the ﬁnished
blended supplementary cementitious material shall not vary
from the target value by more than 62.5 percentage points for
silica fume and not more than 65 percentage points for other
supplementary cementitious materials, with a 99 % probability
of compliance.
NOTE 4—To satisfy the 99 % probability of compliance, the blending
process must be capable of producing a blend containing silica fume such
that the standard deviation of the measured mass percentage of silica fume
in the blend is less than 1 %. For constituents other than silica fume, the
standard deviations of their measured mass percentages have to be less
than 1.9 %.
9.2 The chemical composition of the individual constituents
and of the ﬁnished blended supplementary cementitious mate-
rial shall be determined in accordance with Section 7. The
composition of the blend in terms of mass percentage of the
constituents shall be calculated.
NOTE 5—Appendix X1 provides an example to illustrate how the
composition of the blend can be calculated from the various measured
chemical compositions.
TABLE 1 Classiﬁcation of Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Type Name
N Class N Pozzolan meeting Speciﬁcation C618
F Class F ﬂy ash meeting Speciﬁcation C618
C Class C ﬂy ash meeting Speciﬁcation C618
SF Silica Fume meeting Speciﬁcation C1240
S Slag cement meeting Speciﬁcation C989/C989M
C1697 − 21
2

10. Sampling
10.1 The manufacturer shall sample and test the ﬁnished
blended supplementary cementitious material in order to verify
compliance with this speciﬁcation.
10.1.1 Upon request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall
furnish the sampling procedure used to certify compliance with
this speciﬁcation.
TABLE 2 Optional Requirements
Blend Type
NFCSSF
Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars at 28 days, max, difference, in %, over
control
A
0.03 0.03 0.03 ... ...
Uniformity Requirements:
B
The density and ﬁneness of individual samples shall not vary from the average
established by the ten preceding tests, or by all preceding tests if the number
is less than ten, by more than:
Density - max variation from average, % 5 5 5 ... ...
% retained on 45 µm (No. 325) sieve,
max variation from average, %
555 55
When air-entraining concrete is speciﬁed,
the quantity of air-entraining agent required
to produce an air content of 18.0 vol %
of mortar shall not vary from the average
established by the ten preceding tests or by
all preceding tests if less than ten, by more than, %
20 20 20 ... 20
Effectiveness in Contributing to Sulfate Resistance:
Procedure A:
E
Expansion of test mixture:
For moderate sulfate exposure after
6 months exposure, max, %
0.10
F
0.10
F
0.10
F
0.10
C
0.10
D
For high sulfate exposure after 6 months
exposure, max, %
0.05
F
0.05
F
0.05
F
0.05
C
0.05
D
For very high sulfate exposure after
12 months exposure, max, %
... ... ... ... 0.05
C
Procedure B:
Expansion of test mixture as a percentage
of sulfate resistance cement control after
at least 6 months exposure, max,%
F
100 100 100 ... ...
A
Determination of compliance or noncompliance with the requirement relating to increase in drying shrinkage will be made only at the request of the purchaser. Test
method in accordance with Test Methods C311/C311M.
B
Test in accordance with Test Methods C311/C311M or Speciﬁcation C1240 as appropriate.
C
Refer to the Appendix of Speciﬁcation C989/C989M.
D
As delineated in Speciﬁcation C1240.
E
Only one limit shall be speciﬁed.
F
Blended supplementary cementitious materials shall be considered effective only when the blended supplementary cementitious material is used at percentages, by
mass, of the total cementitious material within 2 % of those that are successful in the test mixtures or between two percentages that are successful, and when the C
3
A
content of the project cement is less than, or equal to, that which was used in the test mixtures. See Appendix X2 of Test Methods C311/C311M. Test method in accordance
with Test Methods C311/C311M.
TABLE 3 Physical Requirements
Blend Type
NFCSSF
% retained when wet sieved on 45 µm (No. 325) sieve
A
Report only Report only Report only Report only Report only
Activity Index, min, % of control
B
7 day Index 75
C
75
C
75
C
Report only 105
28 day Index 75
C
75
C
75
C
75
D
...
Water Requirement, % of control
E
Report only Report only Report only Report only ...
Autoclave, expansion or contraction, max, %
F
0.8 0.8 0.8 ... ...
A
Refer to Test Methods C311/C311M.
B
The activity index with portland cement is not to be considered a measure of the compressive strength of concrete containing the pozzolan or slag. The tests are
conducted as follows - for N, F, C refer to Speciﬁcation C618; for S refer to Speciﬁcation C989/C989M; for SF refer to Speciﬁcation C1240.
C
Meeting the 7 day or 28 day activity index will indicate speciﬁcation compliance.
D
Requirement is for the average of last 5 consecutive samples; no individual sample shall be more than 5 % less than the average requirement.
E
Refer to test method in Test Methods C311/C311M. Refer to the applicable activity index procedure for determining the water requirement of the test mixture compared
with the control.
F
In accordance with Test Method C151/C151M, except the specimens shall be molded from a paste composed of 25 parts by mass of blended supplementary cementitious
material and 100 parts by mass of a portland cement conforming to Speciﬁcation C150/C150M.
C1697 − 21
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摘要：

ASTM C1697 - 21 是美国材料与试验协会发布的最新版本标准规范，正式名称为“真空隔热板标准规范”。该标准针对真空隔热板在建筑、制冷、冷链运输及工业设备等领域的应用，明确了材料构造、芯材类型、封装材料、边缘密封性能、长期热阻稳定性、尺寸公差及机械强度等关键技术要求。ASTM C1697-21 更新了热老化测试方法和耐久性评估程序，确保真空隔热板在实际使用环境中能维持低导热系数，从而提升建筑能效与设备保温性能。该规范为制造商、检测机构、设计师及工程采购方提供了统一的技术依据，有助于推动高

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