ASTM C1900 - 20

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Designation: C1900 −20
Standard Practice for
Weathering and Evaluation of Laminated Glass
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C1900; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is intended to cover procedures for the
exposure of laminated glass materials to natural and acceler-
ated weather.
1.2 This practice is limited to the method by which the
material is to be exposed and the general procedure to be
followed. It is intended for use with ﬁnished articles of
commerce as well as with all sizes and shapes of test
specimens.
1.3 Means of evaluation of the effects of weathering will
depend on the intended use for the test material.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C1036 Speciﬁcation for Flat Glass
C1048 Speciﬁcation for Heat-Strengthened and Fully Tem-
pered Flat Glass
C1172 Speciﬁcation for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
of Transparent Plastics
D1435 Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
Coordinates
D2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-
tended for Outdoor Applications
D4459 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-
tended for Indoor Applications
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using
the CIE System
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness
Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
G7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Test-
ing of Nonmetallic Materials
G84 Practice for Measurement of Time-of-Wetness on Sur-
faces Exposed to Wetting Conditions as in Atmospheric
Corrosion Testing
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing
of Nonmetallic Materials
G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for
Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
2.2 ISO Standard:
3
ISO 4892-2 Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory
light sources — Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions:
3.1.1 For deﬁnitions of technical terms pertaining to glazing
used in this practice, see Terminology C1036,C1048, and
C1172.
4. Signiﬁcance and Use
4.1 Tests conducted in accordance with this practice are
used to evaluate the stability of laminated glazing materials
when they are exposed outdoors or used indoors. The relative
durability of glazing in outdoor use can be very different
depending on the location of the exposure because of differ-
ences in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, time of wetness,
temperature, pollutants, and other factors. It cannot be
assumed, therefore, that results from one exposure in a single
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass and
Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.08 on Flat
Glass.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. DOI:
10.1520/C1900-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

location will be useful for determining relative durability in a
different location. When comparing exposure results, at a
minimum, the locations of exposure are to be as similar as
possible with regard to critical factors such as the amount and
rate of solar radiation deposited on the specimens, temperature
and humidity levels during exposure. Exposures in several
locations with different climates that represent a broad range of
anticipated service conditions may be necessary.
4.2 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, re-
sults from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the
absolute rate at which a material degrades. Several years of
repeat exposures are needed to get an average test result for a
given location.
4.3 The results of short-term natural and accelerated expo-
sure tests can provide an indication of relative outdoor
performance, but they should not be used to predict the
absolute long-term performance of a material. The results of
tests conducted under natural exposure for less than twelve
months will depend on the particular season of the year in
which they begin.
5. Test Sites and Apparatus
5.1 Natural Weathering Exposure:
5.1.1 The natural test site shall conform to the requirements
of Practice G7.
5.1.2 Unless otherwise speciﬁed, position exposure racks so
that they face the equator. The angle of the exposure rack shall
be positioned relative to the horizontal conditions that are
being evaluated.
NOTE 1—Test sites at latitudes less than 23°278 from the equator in
either hemisphere will have a period during the year when the declination
of the sun will exceed the latitude of the site.
5.1.3 Natural Weather Racks—These racks shall be in
accordance with Practice D1435.
5.1.3.1 At-latitude Racks—These racks shall be adjusted
such that the exposed surfaces are at an angle from the
horizontal corresponding exactly to the site latitude angle
(Note 2).
NOTE 2—At-latitude exposure provides maximum annual total solar
radiant exposure at most nonsubtropical sites. In most non-desert areas,
however, maximum annual ultraviolet-radiant exposure is provided by
exposure at an angle of the latitude angle minus 10°.
5.1.3.2 45° Racks—These racks shall be adjusted such that
the exposed surfaces of specimens are at an angle of 45° to the
horizontal.
5.1.3.3 90° Racks—These racks shall be adjusted such that
the exposed surfaces of specimens are at an angle of 90° to the
horizontal.
5.1.3.4 Horizontal Racks—These racks shall be positioned
such that the exposed surfaces of the specimens are horizontal
(Note 3).
NOTE 3—To provide moisture runoff for most horizontal-type testing of
plastics, 5° south exposure is usually preferred. However, plastic rooﬁng
membranes, artiﬁcial turf, and other plastics that may be exposed at
horizontal in their end-use condition should be exposed at 0° horizontal.
5.1.4 Materials and Manner of Construction—Test racks
and hardware shall conform to the requirements of Practices
G7 and D1435.
5.1.5 Specimen Holders—Specimen holders shall be in
accordance with Practice D1435.
5.2 Accelerated Weathering Exposure:
5.2.1 Accelerated Chamber—Chamber shall comply with
Practice G155 and shall be operated in accordance with the
conditions speciﬁed in 10.3.
5.2.2 Accelerated Wathering Racks—These racks shall be in
accordance with Practice G155 with all portions of a specimen
being equidistant from the light source.
5.3 Instruments for Measuring Climatological Data:
5.3.1 Instruments Used to Measure Ambient Temperature
and Relative Humidity—Instruments and procedures used for
measurement of ambient temperature and relative humidity
shall be in accordance with Practice G7.
5.3.2 Instruments Used to Measure Solar Radiation—
Instruments and calibration procedures used for measurement
of total solar radiation, total solar ultraviolet radiation, or
narrow band solar ultraviolet radiation shall be in accordance
with Practice G7.
6. Sampling
6.1 For natural weathering, sampling shall be in accordance
with the pertinent considerations outlined in Guide G141 with
a minimum of three specimens per interval.
6.2 For accelerated weathering a minimum of three speci-
mens per interval shall be used.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 Exposure test specimens shall be a minimum size of 152
× 152 mm for natural exposure and a minimum size of 76 ×
127 mm for accelerated exposure. They must be capable of
being mounted in a holder or applied directly to the racks.
Exposure test specimens should be large enough that mounting
edges may be removed where evaluation test results would
otherwise be affected but small enough to ensure consistent
exposure.
7.2 As far as practical, exposure test specimens shall simu-
late service conditions of an end-use application or shall have
prescribed evaluation procedures to allow comparison of
products.
7.3 The total number of specimens will be determined by
the removal schedule and number of replicates plus ﬁle
specimens. These ﬁle specimens shall be retained at conditions
of 23.0 62 °C and 50 620 % relative humidity. They shall be
covered with inert wrapping to exclude light exposure during
the exposure and retain period.
8. Exposure Stages
8.1 Use one of the following methods to specify the
exposure stages at which changes in properties of test speci-
mens are determined.
NOTE 4—The same exposure stage (by whichever method isused) will
not necessarily give the same changes in properties of the test specimen at
different exposure sites. The exposure states must be regarded as provid-
ing only a general indication of the degrees of exposure, and the results
should always be considered in terms of characteristics of the exposure
site as well.
C1900 − 20
2

8.1.1 Natural Exposure Time—Specify the duration of the
exposure in terms of months (1, 3, 6, 12, 15, etc.) or years (1,
1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.), unless otherwise instructed.
NOTE 5—The results for exposure stages of less than one year will
depend on the season of the year in which the exposure was made. For
instance, summer exposures are generally more severe than winter
exposures. Seasonal effects are averaged in exposures of several years.
8.2 Accelerated Exposure Time—Specify the duration of the
exposure in terms of hours (100, 500, 1000, 3000, etc.) unless
otherwise instructed.
9. Procedure
9.1 Mark the test and control specimens to be exposed with
an identifying number, letter, or symbol so that they may be
identiﬁed readily after exposure. Specimen marking shall be on
the exterior or No. 1 surface, such that there is no interference
with the exposure, testing, or interlayer.
9.2 Natural weathering procedures shall be in accordance
with Practice D1435. On average, a one-year exposure ap-
proximates a Total Ultraviolet (TUV) exposure of 300 6
25 MJ/m
2
at 295 to 385 nm.
9.2.1 All materials are exposed in an unbacked condition.
Speciﬁc conditions of use may require the glass material to also
be evaluated with a suitable backing material to conform to
projected practice. The effect of backing is highly signiﬁcant
and may contribute to a change in the weathering performance
of the exposed materials.
9.2.2 For products intended for external use (for example,
façade, storefront, window, door), use a 26° North latitude, 45°
angle of exposure, direct, facing South, open-backed mounting.
9.2.3 For products intended for internal use only (for
example, partitions, shower doors, balcony) use a 26° North
latitude, 45° angle of exposure, direct, facing South, open-
backed mounting. The specimens may be exposed under a
3 mm clear glass with visible light transmittance of 88 63%.
9.2.4 Natural weathering for outdoor use qualiﬁes products
for indoor use without additional exposure or testing.
9.3 Accelerated weathering procedures shall be inaccor-
dance with Practice G155.
9.3.1 Accelerated exposure testing shall occur in a xenon
arc type operating light apparatus with ﬁlters as speciﬁed in
accordance with Practice G155.
9.3.2 Accelerated Weather Exposure Method A—Outdoor
Applications No Spray:
9.3.2.1 The specimens shall be exposed in accordance with
Practice D2565 (or ISO 4892-2) and the following conditions
as stated in Table 1.
9.3.3 Accelerated Weathering Exposure Method
B—Outdoor Applications With Water Spray:
9.3.3.1 The purpose of weathering laminated glazing is to
determine if degradation of the interlayer occurs over the
duration of the exposure. Surface etching of the glazing may
occur in the accelerated chamber or on natural exposure and
erroneously indicate interlayer or adhesive changes. An iden-
tical piece of glazing material from which the laminates have
been manufactured, a blank (that is, glass, plastic, etc.), may be
weathered concurrently to determine the weathering of glazing
and eliminate those changes from the interlayer or adhesive
evaluation.
9.3.3.2 The specimens shall be exposed in accordance with
Practice D2565 (or ISO 4892-2) and the following conditions
as stated in Table 2.
9.3.4 Accelerated Weathering Exposure Method C—Indoor
Applications Only:
9.3.4.1 The purpose of these tests is to determine whether
laminated glazing is durable for indoor use.
9.3.4.2 Specimens passing the requirements of natural or
accelerated outdoor exposure and subsequent testing (Section
11) are deemed qualiﬁed for indoor applications without
further evaluation.
9.3.4.3 The specimens for indoor exposure use only shall be
subjected to exposure in a xenon arc type operating light.
9.3.4.4 Apparatus as speciﬁed in Practice G155 with ﬁlters
as speciﬁed in accordance with Practice D4459.
9.3.4.5 The specimens shall be exposed in accordance with
Practice D4459 and the following conditions as indicated in
Table 3.
10. Evaluation of Weathered Materials
10.1 Tests After Weathering for Laminated Glazing:
10.1.1 After exposure, the test specimens may be cleaned, if
necessary, using a procedure recommended by their manufac-
turer to remove any residues present.
10.1.2 Both the unexposed and exposed specimens shall be
conditioned prior to examination or further testing for a
minimum of 48 h at 71 to 75 °F (22 to 24 °C).
10.1.3 After conditioning, the exposed specimens shall be
examined and compared visually with and measured at the
same time as the unexposed controls.
10.1.3.1 Visual Assessment After Weathering:
(1) Specimens shall be placed in a vertical position.
TABLE 1 Accelerated Weathering Exposure Conditions
Method A—Outdoor Applications No Spray
Parameter Description
Practice D2565 Cycle Cycle 1
Black Panel Temperature 64±2°C(145±4°F)
Relative Humidity 50±5%
Spray Water None
Irradiance
A
0.35±0.02W/m
2
at 340 nm, or
41.5 ± 2.5 W/m
2
from 300 to 400 nm
Exposure Duration
A
3000 h
A
Minimum acceptable levels of irradiance and duration are indicated and shall be
recorded in the report section.
TABLE 2 Accelerated Weathering Exposure Conditions
Method B—Outdoor Applications With Water Spray
Parameter Description
Practice D2565 Cycle Cycle 1
Black Panel Temperature 64±2°C(145±4°F)
Relative Humidity 50±5%
Spray Water De-ionized
Irradiance
A
0.35±0.02W/m
2
at 340 nm, or
41.5 ± 2.5 W/m
2
from 300 to 400 nm
Exposure Duration
A
3000 hours
A
Minimum acceptable levels of irradiance and duration are indicated and shall be
recorded in the report section.
C1900 − 20
3

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摘要：

ASTM C1900 - 20 是由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布的关于真空绝热板（VIP）的标准规范，旨在为建筑和工业领域提供高性能隔热材料的统一技术要求。该标准详细规定了真空绝热板的材料组成、制造工艺、物理性能（如导热系数、压缩强度、尺寸稳定性）、耐久性测试方法以及标记和包装要求，确保产品在使用过程中具备长期稳定的绝热效果。ASTM C1900特别适用于需要高节能效率的建筑围护结构、冷链运输及设备隔热场景，为设计、施工和检测人员提供了明确的性能基准和合格评定依据。遵循该标准可有效降低能源

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