ASTM C549 - 23

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Designation: C549 −23
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Perlite Loose Fill Insulation
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C549; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers the composition and physical
properties of expanded perlite loose ﬁll insulation. The speci-
ﬁcation includes the testing procedures by which the accept-
ability of the material is determined. These testing procedures
deal primarily with material performance in the temperature
range associated with the thermal envelope of buildings;
however, the commercially usable temperature range for this
insulation is from − 459 to 1400°F (1 to 1033 K). For special-
ized applications, refer to the manufacturer’s instructions.
1.2 The speciﬁcation covers the composition and properties
of perlite that has been surface-treated to produce dust sup-
pression for installations where dust is a factor.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following applies to Test Methods E84 and E136—
This standard is used to measure and describe the response of
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and ﬂame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
factors required for ﬁre hazard or ﬁre risk assessment of the
materials, products, or assemblies under actual ﬁre conditions.
1.5 The following applies to Test Methods E84 and E136—
Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for
personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
1.6 When the installation or use of thermal insulation
materials, accessories and systems, may pose safety or health
problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user appropriate
current information regarding any known problems associated
with the recommended use of the company’s products, and
shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in
their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory requirements prior to use. For additional precau-
tionary statements, see Section 12.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal
Insulation Lots
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
C520 Test Methods for Density of Granular Loose Fill
Insulations
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials
E136 Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials
Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 °C
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.23 on
Blanket and Loose Fill Insulation.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C549 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/C0549-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

3. Terminology
3.1 Terms used in this speciﬁcation are deﬁned in Termi-
nology C168.
4. Classiﬁcation
4.1 Perlite loose-ﬁll insulation shall conform to the physical
requirements of 7. Expanded perlite that has been treated to
limit the amount of dust generated during application shall be
identiﬁed on the product label.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 All purchase orders shall designate the density of
insulation desired or required for conformance with the prop-
erties in 7.1. The purchase order shall identify surface-treated
products when included.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Perlite is a generic term for a naturally occurring
siliceous mineral which is mined, crushed, sieved and dried to
produce a crude perlite ore. The crude ore, in the form of
particles of varying size, weighing 60 to 75 lb/ft
3
(960 to 1200
kg/m
3
), is expanded in high-temperature furnaces to densities
in the range from 2.0 to 11.0 lb/ft
3
(32 to 176 kg/m
3
). As a
naturally occurring mineral, it is classiﬁed as an elementary
building material. It is noncombustible as determined by Test
Method E136.
7. Physical Requirements
7.1 The physical requirements listed in this section are
deﬁned as inspection requirements (see Practice C390). The
insulation shall conform to the following requirements:
Bulk density, lb/ft
3
(kg/m
3
) 2–11 (32–176)
Grading (particle size):
Percentage retained, maximum (by
weight), Sieve No. 4 (4.75 mm), %
5
Small-scale ﬁre test no sparking or
ignition
7.2 The physical requirements listed in this section are
deﬁned as Qualiﬁcation Requirements (see Practice C390).
The insulation shall conform to the following requirements:
Thermal resistance, h·ft
2
·°F/Btu (m
2
·K/W) See Table 1
Moisture absorption, weight % during 14 days,
max, %
1.0
Combustibility (by Test Method E136) noncombustible
Surface burning characteristics:
Flame spread, max
Smoke developed, max
0
0
25
50
Dust suppression: (for surface treated
product)
Weight of collected material, max, mg 85
8. Sampling
8.1 For purposes of standard tests, sampling shall be in
accordance with Practice C390.
9. Test Methods
9.1 Bulk Density—Test Methods C520, Method A.
9.2 Grading—Test Method C136, except that when a me-
chanical sieving device is used, the sieving time shall be 5 min
and the test sample shall be 0.11 60.02 lb (50 69 g) of
material.
9.3 Small-Scale Fire Test:
9.3.1 Scope—The purpose of this quality control test is to
conﬁrm that excessive coating or organic material has not been
added during processing.
9.3.2 Signiﬁcance—This speciﬁcation measures and de-
scribes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to
heat and ﬂame under controlled condition, but does not by
itself incorporate all factors required for ﬁre risk assessment of
materials, products or assemblies under actual conditions.
9.3.3 Procedure—Hold a 0.02 to 0.03 lb (9 to 14g) specimen
of the perlite insulation in a suitable ﬁxture (such as 6 by 6 by
2-in. (152 by 152 by 51-mm) deep wire mesh basket con-
structed from 100-mesh (150 µm) stainless steel woven wire
cloth) and positioned in direct contact with the ﬂame of a
Bunsen burner for about 20 s. Sparking or ignition indicates
failure to conform to the requirements of 7.1
9.3.4 Precision and Bias—No statement is made about
either the precision or the accuracy of the small-scale ﬁre test
for determining resistance of the perlite insulation to heat and
ﬂame since the result states whether there is conformance to
the criteria for success speciﬁed in the procedure.
9.4 Thermal Resistance—Tests of thermal resistance shall
be determined in accordance with Test Method C177 or C518.
Testing shall be done at the design density and representative
thickness. The arithmetic average thermal resistance of four
specimens shall exceed 95% the value in Table 1. The thermal
resistance (R-value) shall be determined at mean temperature
of 75 61°F (24 60.5°C) and a temperature difference of 40°F
(22°C) . Report the direction of heat ﬂow. Thermal resistance
at other mean temperatures shall be determined if required.
9.5 Moisture Absorption—The test specimen shall be 0.11
60.05 lb (50 623 g) of product. Fill and level the product into
a specimen holder 9 by 9 by 5 60.1 in. (228 by 228 by 127
63 mm) deep.
9.5.1 Precondition in accordance with Test Method C177 or
C518. Conditioning shall be with minimum air movement
across the specimen surface. Condition at 50 62 % relative
humidity and 120 62°F (49 61°C) to constant weight and
record. State the density of the specimen conditioned to
constant weight in the report of results.
9.5.2 Increase the relative humidity to 90 62 %. Condition
to constant weight by weighing at 24-h intervals. Determine
the moisture pickup as a percent of conditioned weight
determined in 9.5.1 at 50 62% relative humidity and 120 6
2°F (49 61°C).
9.5.3 Precision and Bias—This test establishes a typical
property of perlite. The test is intended to indicate sorption
under high humidity conditions which are known to be
characteristic of its usual end use as a thermal insulation.
9.6 Surface Burning Characteristics of perlite insulation
shall be determined in accordance with Test Method E84 at a
thickness that is representative of end use with the material
artiﬁcially supported in the test apparatus. Perlite with surface
C549 − 23
2

treatment to suppress dust shall be tested using Test Method

E136 to demonstrate non-combustibility.

9.7 Dust Suppression:

9.7.1 Apparatus:

9.7.1.1 Glass Plate, 16

⁄

by 16

⁄

in. (420 by 420 by

6.4 mm).

9.7.1.2 Clear Methacrylate Sheet Box, open bottom, 15

⁄

by 15

⁄

by 19

⁄

in. (390 by 390 by 500 63 mm) high with a

hole in the center of the top 2

⁄

in. (52.4 mm) in diameter.

9.7.1.3 Plastic Tube, 260.1 in. outside diameter by 1.8 6

0.1 in. inside diameter (50 by 45 63 mm), 17.75 60.25 in.

(450 66 mm) long, with a rubber washer such that the washer

snugly ﬁts the outside diameter of the plastic tube and has a

larger outside diameter than the hole in the box.

9.7.1.4 Beaker, 2000-mL.

9.7.1.5 Laboratory Funnel with a minimum nozzle inside

diameter of 1 in. (25.4 mm).

9.7.1.6 Graduated Cylinder, 1000-mL.

9.7.1.7 Small Brush.

9.7.1.8 Scale capable of measuring mass to within 0.000002

lb (0.001 g).

9.7.2 Specimen Preparation—Introduce a representative

specimen of the product into the graduated cylinder and ﬁll to

the 1000-mL level.

9.7.3 Procedure:

9.7.3.1 Place the glass plate ﬂat on a suitable work surface.

9.7.3.2 Place the 2000-mL beaker in the center of the glass

plate.

9.7.3.3 Place the plastic box on the glass plate such that the

box is centered on the plate and the hole in top of the box is

centered directly over the 2000-mL beaker.

9.7.3.4 Insert the plastic pipe into the hole in the top of the

box such that it protrudes down into the box so that the clear

vertical distance from the bottom of the tube to the top of the

2000-mL beaker is 1

⁄

in. (21 mm). The tube is supported in

the vertical position by the rubber washer.

9.7.3.5 Place the laboratory funnel into the plastic tube.

9.7.3.6 Pour 1000 mL of test material into the funnel such

that it empties the material in 10 s. The intent is to have a

uniform stream of material falling into the box for 10 s.

9.7.3.7 After all visible material has settled onto the glass

plate, carefully remove the plastic box and gently sweep the

material that has collected on the glass plate into a pile, remove

it, and determine its weight.

9.7.4 Calculations:

9.7.4.1 Report the amount of test material in milligrams as

“milligrams collected.”

9.7.4.2 Report results as the average of ﬁve or more

independent tests with no single reading over 0.00022 lb (100

mg) with separate samples taken from the same source.

9.7.5 Precision and Bias—The single-specimen, single-

operator, single-day precision has a standard deviation of

4.4×10

–5

lb (0.02 g) for the dust-suppressed material over a

range from 2.2×10

–5

to 1.8 × 10

–4

(0.01 to 0.08 g) as deﬁned

in Practice E177.

10. Inspection

10.1 Inspection of the materials shall be made as agreed

upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer as part of the

purchase contract.

11. Packaging and Marking

11.1 Packaging—Unless otherwise speciﬁed, the insulation

shall be packed in the manufacturer’s standard commercial

container. The insulation shall be packed to ensure carrier

acceptance and safe delivery at the destination in containers

complying with the regulations applicable to the mode of

transportation.

11.2 Marking—Shipping containers shall be marked with

the name of the insulation, minimum weight of container

contents, and the name of the manufacturer.

TABLE 1 Thermal Resistance

Thermal Resistance for 1 in. (0.0254m) Thickness, h·ft

·°F/Btu (m

·K/W)

Mean Temp Density

Low Temperature Applications

°F (°C) 2-4.1 (32–66) 4.1-7.4 (66-118) 7.4-11 (118-176)

-300 (-184) 9.1–7.7 (1.6-1.4) 7.7-6.3 (1.4-1.1) 6.3–5.2 (1.1–0.92)

-200 (-129) 6.5-5.7 (1.1–1.0) 5.7–4.8 (1.0–0.85) 4.8–4.0 (0.85–0.70)

-100 (-73) 5.1–4.5 (0.90–0.79) 4.5–3.8 (0.79–0.67) 3.8-3.3 (0.67–0.58)

0 (-18) 4.2–3.7 (0.74–0.65) 3.7–3.2 (0.65–0.56) 3.2–2.8 (0.56–0.49)

40 (4) 3.9-3.5 (0.69–0.62) 3.5-3.0 (0.62–0.53) 3.0–2.6 (0.53–0.46)

75 (24) 3.7–3.3 (0.65–0.58) 3.3–2.8 (0.58–0.49) 2.8–2.5 (0.49–0.44)

100 (38) 3.6–3.2 (0.63–0.56) 3.2–2.8 (0.56–0.49) 2.8–2.4 (0.49–0.42)

High Temperature Applications

3 (48) 8 (128) 11 (176)

200 (93) 2.5 (0.44) 3.0 (0.53) 2.3 (0.41)

300 (149) 1.9 (0.33) 2.5 (0.44) 2.0 (0.35)

400 (204) 1.6 (0.28) 2.1 ( 0.37) 1.8 (0.32)

500 (260) 1.3 (0.23) 1.9 (0.33) 1.5 (0.26)

600 (316) 1.1 (0.19) 1.6 (0.28) 1.3 (0.23)

700 (371) 0.96 (0.17) 1.4 (0.25) 1.2 (0.21)

800 (427) 0.84 (0.15) 1.2 (0.21) 1.0 (0.18)

1000 (538) 0.65 (0.11) 0.96 (0.17) 0.81 (0.14)

1200 (649) 0.52 (0.092) 0.76 (0.13) 0.63 (0.11)

1400 (760) 0.42 (0.074) 0.60 (0.11) 0.49 (0.086)

lb/ft

(kg/m

)

C549 − 23

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摘要：

ASTM C549 - 23 是一份由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布的现行标准规范，全称为“Standard Specification for Perlite Loose Fill Insulation”。该标准主要适用于以膨胀珍珠岩为主要成分的松散填充型绝热材料，广泛用于建筑、工业设备和低温管道的保温隔热。标准涵盖材料的基本性能要求，包括热导率、密度、粒径分布、含水率及燃烧特性等关键指标，并规定了相应的测试方法、取样规则和合格判定标准。符合 ASTM C549 - 23 要求的保温材料能

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