ASTM C578 - 23

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Designation: C578 −23
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal Insulation
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C578; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This speciﬁcation
2
covers the types, physical properties,
and dimensions of cellular polystyrene boards with or without
facings or coatings made by molding (EPS) or extrusion (XPS)
of expandable polystyrene. Products manufactured to this
speciﬁcation are intended for use as thermal insulation for
temperatures from –65 to +165°F (–53.9 to +73.9°C). This
speciﬁcation does not apply to laminated products manufac-
tured with any type of rigid board facer including ﬁberboard,
perlite board, gypsum board, or oriented strand board.
1.1.1 Additional requirements for Types IV and XIII for
pipe, tank, and equipment thermal insulation for temperatures
from –320 to +165°F (–196 to +73.9°C) are contained in
Annex A1.
1.2 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this
speciﬁcation is potentially regulated by codes that address ﬁre
performance. For some end uses, speciﬁers need to also
address the effect of moisture and wind pressure resistance.
Guidelines regarding these end use considerations are included
in Appendix X1.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of
Thermal Insulations
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Proper-
ties of Block-Type Thermal Insulation
C272 Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials
for Sandwich Constructions
C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-
formed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
C335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties
of Pipe Insulation
C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal
Insulation Lots
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
C550 Test Method for Measuring Trueness and Squareness
of Rigid Block and Board Thermal Insulation
C870 Practice for Conditioning of Thermal Insulating Ma-
terials
C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop-
erties Under Steady-State Conditions
C1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating
and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation
C1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
C1303 Test Method for Predicting Long-Term Thermal Re-
sistance of Closed-Cell Foam Insulation
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.22 on
Organic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2023. Published October 2023. Originally
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as C578 – 22. DOI:
10.1520/C0578-23.
2
This speciﬁcation is similar to ISO 4898-1984, “Cellular Plastics–Speciﬁcation
for Rigid Cellular Materials Used in the Thermal Insulation of Buildings,” in title
only. The scope and technical content are signiﬁcantly different.
ISO standards are available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI),
25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

C1363 Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building
Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a Hot
Box Apparatus
C1512 Test Method for Characterizing the Effect of Expo-
sure to Environmental Cycling on Thermal Performance
of Insulation Products
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-
tics
D1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
Cellular Plastics
D1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular
Plastics
D2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plastics
to Thermal and Humid Aging
D2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen
Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of
Plastics (Oxygen Index)
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials
E96/E96M Test Methods for Gravimetric Determination of
Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Materials
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
2.2 CAN/ULC Standard
4
CAN/ULC S770 Standard Test Method for the Determina-
tion of Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-Cell
Thermal Insulating Foams
3. Terminology
3.1 Terms used in this speciﬁcation are deﬁned in Termi-
nology C168.
3.2 Terms used in this speciﬁcation that relate to ﬁre
standards are deﬁned in Terminology E176.
3.3 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.3.1 EPS—letter designation for the molded expanded
polystyrene thermal insulation classiﬁed by this speciﬁcation.
It is deﬁned as cellular plastic product manufactured from
pre-expanded polystyrene beads subsequently molded into
desired shapes and sizes resulting in a product which is rigid
with closed cellular structure.
3.3.2 RCPS—letter designations for the rigid cellular poly-
styrene thermal insulation classiﬁed by this speciﬁcation that
identiﬁes the product as rigid cellular polystyrene.
3.3.3 PS—used in this speciﬁcation to represent polystyrene
in accordance with Terminology D1600.
3.3.4 XPS—letter designation for the extruded expanded
polystyrene thermal insulation classiﬁed by this speciﬁcation.
It is deﬁned as cellular plastic product manufactured in a one
stage process by extrusion and expansion of the base polymer
in the presence of blowing agent(s) resulting in a product
which is rigid with closed cellular structure.
4. Classiﬁcation
4.1 This speciﬁcation covers types of RCPS thermal insu-
lations currently commercially available as described by the
physical property requirements in Table 1.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Acquisition documents shall specify the following:
5.1.1 Title, number, and year of this speciﬁcation,
5.1.2 Type (see Table 1),
5.1.3 R-value or thickness required (see Tables 1 and 2),
5.1.3.1 Thermal Resistance/Thickness Relationship—It is
possible that the thermal resistance (R-value) and the thermal
resistivity (R-value/inch) of RCPS thermal insulation will vary
with thickness. Therefore, when ordering, specify the R-value
or the thickness, or both. For additional information, see
Practice C1045.
5.1.4 Density, if other than speciﬁed in Table 1,
5.1.5 Tolerance, if other than speciﬁed (see 8.2),
5.1.6 Length and width required (see Table 2 and 8.1),
5.1.7 If other than straight edges are required (see 8.3),
5.1.8 If either ship-lap or tongue-and-groove edges are
required (see 8.6),
5.1.9 Tapered Insulation—Special ordering information. In
addition to other applicable requirements in Section 5(Note 1),
acquisition documents for tapered RCPS thermal insulation
shall specify the following:
5.1.9.1 Minimum starting thickness,
5.1.9.2 Slope, in./ft (mm/m),
5.1.9.3 Average R-value,
5.1.9.4 Minimum thickness,
5.1.9.5 Shop Drawings—The tapered insulation supplier
shall provide shop drawings to illustrate installation patterns
and dimensions for each tapered module,
5.1.10 Sampling, if different (see 10.1),
5.1.11 If a certiﬁcate of compliance is required (see 14.1),
and
5.1.12 If marking is other than speciﬁed (see 15.1).
NOTE 1—Physical properties of tapered insulation should be determined
on blocks of RCPS thermal insulation before the insulation is tapered.
5.1.13 Type XIII—Special ordering information. In addition
to other applicable requirements in Section 5, acquisition
documents for Type XIII thermal insulation shall specify if
presence of surface skins is required.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 RCPS thermal insulation shall be formed by the expan-
sion of polystyrene resin beads or granules in a closed mold, or
by the expansion of polystyrene base resin in an extrusion
process. RCPS thermal insulation shall be of uniform density
and have essentially closed cells. All RCPS thermal insulation
shall contain sufficient ﬂame retardants to meet the oxygen
index requirements of Table 1.
7. Physical Requirements
7.1 Inspection Requirements:
7.1.1 The physical requirements listed in this section are
deﬁned as inspection requirements (refer to Practice C390).
7.1.2 All dimensional requirements are described in Section
8.
7.1.3 All workmanship, ﬁnish, and appearance requirements
are described in Section 9.
7.1.4 Density shall be in accordance with Table 1.
4
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,
WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
C578 − 23
2

NOTE 2—For lots of 150 units or less, the tightened inspection sampling
plan in Practice C390 will be followed.
7.2 Qualiﬁcation Requirements:
7.2.1 The physical properties listed in this section of the
speciﬁcation are deﬁned as qualiﬁcation requirements (refer to
Practice C390). Thermal resistance, compressive resistance,
ﬂexural strength, water vapor permeance, water absorption,
dimensional stability, and oxygen index shall be in accordance
with Table 1. The average test value based upon testing the
number of test specimens required by the speciﬁed test method
for each physical property or Section 11 of this speciﬁcation
shall be used to determine compliance.
7.2.2 The mean thermal resistance of the material tested
shall not be less than the minimum value identiﬁed in Table 1.
The thermal resistances of individual specimens tested shall
not be less than 90 % of the minimum value identiﬁed in Table
1.
7.2.2.1 Test 1 in. (25.4 mm) thick specimens for determi-
nation of compliance with thermal resistance, compressive
resistance, water vapor permeance, water absorption, dimen-
sional stability and density property requirements in Table 1. If
1in. (25.4 mm) thickness product is not produced the next
TABLE 1 Physical Property Requirements of RCPS Thermal Insulation
NOTE 1—It is possible that values for properties listed in this table will be affected by the presence of a surface skin which is a result of the
manufacturing process. The values for Type XIII properties listed in this table must be generated on material with the surface skin removed. Where
products are tested with skins-in-place, this condition shall be noted in the test report.
NOTE 2—Type III has been deleted because it is no longer available.
NOTE 3—In addition to the thermal resistance values in Table 1, values at mean temperatures of 25 ± 2°F (-4 ± 1°C), 40 ± 2°F (4 ± 1°C), and 110
±2°F (43 ± 1°C) are provided in X1.7 for information purposes.
NOTE 4—Values quoted are maximum values for 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) thick samples with natural skins intact. Lower values will result for thicker
materials. Where water vapor permeance is a design issue, consult manufacturer.
NOTE 5—It is acceptable to determine the values for thermal resistance listed in this table on product at a thickness other than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in
accordance with 7.2.2.1. When tested at a thickness other than 1 in. (25.4 mm), the thermal resistance per inch shall meet the minimum requirement.
NOTE 6—Types XI, I, VIII, II, IX, XIV and XV are typically EPS insulation. Types XII, X, XIII, IV, VI, VII and V are typically XPS insulation.
Classiﬁcation Type
XI
Type
I
Type
VIII
Type
II
Type
IX
Type
XIV
Type
XV
Type
XII
Type
X
Type
XIII
Type
IV
Type
VI
Type
VII
Type
V
Compressive resistance at
yield or 10 % deformation,
whichever occurs ﬁrst
(with skins intact), min, psi
(kPa)
5.0
(35)
10.0
(69)
13.0
(90)
15.0
(104)
25.0
(173)
40.0
(276)
60.0
(414)
15.0
(104)
15.0
(104)
20.0
(138)
25.0
(173)
40.0
(276)
60.0
(414)
100.0
(690)
Thermal resistance of 1.00-in.
(25.4-mm) thickness, min,
F·ft
2
·h/Btu (K·m
2
/W)
3.1
(0.55)
3.6
(0.63)
3.8
(0.67)
4.0
(0.70)
4.2
(0.74)
4.2
(0.74)
4.3
(0.76)
4.6
(0.81)
5.0
(0.88)
3.9
(0.68)
5.0
(0.88)
5.0
(0.88)
5.0
(0.88)
5.0
(0.88)
Mean temperature:
75 ± 2°F (24 ± 1°C)
Flexural strength, min, psi (kPa) 10
(70)
25
(173)
30
(208)
35
(240)
50
(345)
60
(414)
75
(517)
40
(276)
40
(276)
45
(310)
50
(345)
60
(414)
75
(517)
100
(690)
Water vapor permeance of
1.00-in. (25.4-mm) thickness
(See Note 4.), max, perm
(ng/Pa·s·m
2
)
5.0
(287)
5.0
(287)
3.5
(201)
3.5
(201)
2.5
(143)
2.5
(143)
2.5
(143)
1.5
(86)
1.5
(86)
2.0
(114)
1.5
(86)
1.1
(63)
1.1
(63)
1.1
(63)
Water absorption by total
immersion, max, volume %
4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Dimensional stability (change
in dimensions), max,%
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Oxygen index, min, volume % 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0
Density, min, lb/ft
3
(kg/m
3
) 0.70
(12)
0.90
(15)
1.15
(18)
1.35
(22)
1.80
(29)
2.40
(38)
3.00
(48)
1.20
(19)
1.30
(21)
1.60
(26)
1.45
(23)
1.80
(29)
2.20
(35)
3.00
(48)
TABLE 2 Common Dimensions of RCPS Thermal Insulation
Type XI, I, VIII, II, IX, XIV, XV X, IV, XII VI, VII V XIII
Width, in. (mm) 12 to 48 (305 to 1219) 16, 24, 48 (406, 610, 1219) 24 (610) 16 (406) 14 to 20 (356 to
508)
Length, in. (mm) 48 to 192 (1219 to 4877) 48, 96 108 (1219, 2438, 2743) 48, 96, (1219, 2438) 96 (2438) 36 to 112 (914 to
2845)
Thickness, in. (mm)
3
⁄
8
to 24 (9.5 to 610)
1
⁄
2
to 4 (13 to 102) 1 to 4 (25 to 102) 1 to 4 (25 to 102) 7 to 10 (178 to
254)
C578 − 23
3

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摘要：

ASTM C578 - 23 是涵盖挤塑聚苯乙烯（XPS）泡沫隔热板的标准规范，为建筑和工程应用中的刚性多孔泡沫热绝缘材料提供详细的分类、物理性能要求和测试方法。该标准最新版本于2023年发布，定义了不同密度、压缩强度、热阻值和吸水率等级的材料规格，确保产品在屋面、墙体、地基及低温冷藏等场景下的安全性和长期性能稳定性。符合 ASTM C578 - 23 的材料需经过严格测试，包括尺寸稳定性、燃烧特性和抗冻融循环评估，帮助设计师、承包商和监管机构选择合规的隔热方案，提升建筑能效并满足国际建筑规范要

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