ASTM C991 - 23

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Designation: C991 −23
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Flexible Fibrous Glass Insulation for Metal Buildings
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C991; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers the classiﬁcation, composition,
and physical properties of ﬂexible ﬁbrous glass insulation for
use in metal building roofs and walls.
1.2 The basic insulation blanket is designed to be post-
processed by a laminating process that applies an adhesive
bonded facing.
1.3 The thermal values measured in accordance with this
speciﬁcation for both pre-processed and post-processed insu-
lation are for the insulation only and do not include the effects
of air-ﬁlm surface resistance, changes in mean temperature, or
compression of insulation at the framing members of the
building, through metal conductance of fasteners and other
parallel heat-transfer paths due to design or installation tech-
niques.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket or
Batt Thermal Insulations
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal
Insulation Lots
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
C653 Guide for Determination of the Thermal Resistance of
Low-Density Blanket-Type Mineral Fiber Insulation
C665 Speciﬁcation for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insu-
lation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured
Housing
C755 Practice for Selection of Water Vapor Retarders for
Thermal Insulation
C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop-
erties Under Steady-State Conditions
C1104/C1104M Test Method for Determining the Water
Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation
C1136 Speciﬁcation for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor
Retarders for Thermal Insulation
C1304 Test Method for Assessing the Odor Emission of
Thermal Insulation Materials
C1338 Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance of
Insulation Materials and Facings
C1617 Practice for Quantitative Accelerated Laboratory
Evaluation of Extraction Solutions Containing Ions
Leached from Thermal Insulation on Aqueous Corrosion
of Metals
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials
E136 Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials
Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 °C
E2988 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of
Flexible Fibrous Glass Insulation for Metal Buildings to
Assess Surface Burning Characteristics
2.2 Other Referenced Document:
CAN/ULC-S102 Standard Method of Test for Surface Burn-
ing Characteristics of Building Materials and Assemblies
3
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.23 on
Blanket and Loose Fill Insulation.
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C991 – 16. DOI:
10.1520/C0991-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pﬁngsten Rd.,
Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http://www.ul.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions—For deﬁnitions of terms relating to
insulation, refer to Terminology C168.
4. Classiﬁcation
4.1 The ﬂexible ﬁbrous glass insulation is furnished in two
types, as follows:
4.1.1 Type I—Glass processed from the molten state into
ﬁbrous form, bonded with a thermosetting resin, and formed
into a blanket or batt.
4.1.2 Type II—Type I material supplied with a suitable
facing adhered to one surface.
NOTE 1—Facing properties are not part of this speciﬁcation. The
designer is referred to Practice C755 and Speciﬁcation C1136 for
guidance in selecting water vapor permeance and other physical property
requirements.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Type I material shall be ordered by specifying thermal
resistance value, length, and width.
5.2 Type II material shall be ordered by specifying thermal
resistance value, type of facing, facing permeance, length,
width, number of tabs, and tab width.
5.3 Certiﬁcation, when required, shall be in accordance with
Section 11.
6. Physical Properties
6.1 Type 1 Material:
6.1.1 The unfaced insulation shall meet the following re-
quirements:
6.1.1.1 Thermal Resistance—The average R-value of nine
tests, one each performed on three randomly selected speci-
mens from each of three rolls, shall be not less than 103 % of
the R-value agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier.
(1) The average thickness of each roll shall be determined
by Test Method C167 and the lesser of measured or labeled
thickness tested.
(2) The thermal resistance of the pre-processed (unlami-
nated) insulation shall be determined in accordance with Guide
C653, using Practice C1045 and either Test Method C177 or
C518 at a mean temperature of 75°F (23.9°C) with a minimum
temperature difference of 40°F (22°C) for determining the
apparent thermal conductivity.
NOTE 2—See Guide C653. The thermal resistance is a function of
temperature. As an option, the thermal resistance may be determined at
additional temperatures as agreed upon by the purchaser and the manu-
facturer.
6.1.2 Surface Burning Characteristics—The unfaced insu-
lation shall exhibit a ﬂame spread index not exceeding 25 and
a smoke developed index not exceeding 50 when tested in
accordance with either Test Method E84, with specimens
prepared and mounted per Practice E2988, or with CAN/ULC
S102, depending on the applicable code requirements.
6.1.3 Combustion Characteristics—The material shall pass
the requirements of Test Method E136.
6.1.4 Water Vapor Sorption—The water vapor sorption from
exposure to water vapor shall not be greater than 0.2 % by
volume when determined in accordance with the procedure set
forth in Test Method C1104/C1104M.
6.1.5 Fungi Resistance—When tested in accordance with
the procedure set forth in Test Method C1338, the insulation
shall exhibit no growth.
6.1.6 Corrosiveness:
6.1.6.1 When tested in accordance with the procedure in
Speciﬁcation C665, the metal plates in contact with the
insulation shall show no greater corrosion than that observed
on the comparative plates in contact with sterile cotton.
6.1.6.2 Alternative Test (for steel only)—When tested in
accordance with the procedure in Practice C1617, the mass loss
corrosion rate of the unfaced insulation extract shall not exceed
that of the 5 ppm chloride solution.
NOTE 3—The testing of other metals such as copper and aluminum is
being evaluated using Practice C1617. The task group will continue to
investigate the potential for using this practice as an alternative to section
13.8 of Speciﬁcation C665 for these metals.
6.1.7 Odor Emission—When tested in accordance with Test
Method C1304, the insulation shall not emit a detectable odor
objectionable to more than two of the ﬁve panel members.
6.1.8 Dimensional Tolerances—The average measured
length and width shall not differ from the manufacturer’s
standard dimensions, when determined in accordance with Test
Methods C167, (Note 4) by more than the following:
Length,− 0 in. (−0 mm)
Width, −
1
⁄
8
in. (−3 mm)
NOTE 4—Normally, a slight excess in all dimensions will be permitted.
However, the purchaser may elect to specify a maximum tolerance to meet
further processing requirements.
6.2 Type II Material:
6.2.1 Type II shall consist of a Type I blanket laminated
with a facing.
6.2.1.1 The facing shall meet the requirements of Speciﬁ-
cation C1136 for corrosion resistance, fungi resistance, and
non-leachability (permanence) of ﬂame retardants, as certiﬁed
by the facing supplier.
6.2.2 The faced insulation shall meet the following require-
ments:
6.2.2.1 Thermal Resistance—The average R-value of nine
tests, one each performed on three randomly selected speci-
mens from each of three rolls, shall be not less than 95 % of the
R-value agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier.
(1) The average thickness of each roll shall be determined
by Test Method C167 and the lesser of measured or labeled
thickness tested.
(2) The thermal resistance of the post- laminated insulation
shall be determined in accordance with Guide C653, using
Practice C1045 and either Test Method C177 or Test Method
C518 at 75°F (23.9°C) with a minimum temperature difference
of 40°F (22°C) for determining the apparent thermal conduc-
tivity.
6.2.2.2 Surface Burning Characteristics—The faced insula-
tion shall exhibit a ﬂame spread index not exceeding 25 and a
smoke developed index no exceeding 50 when tested on the
facing side in accordance with either Test Method E84, with
C991 − 23
2

specimens prepared and mounted per Practice E2988, or with

CAN/ULC S102, depending on the applicable code require-

ments.

6.2.2.3 Fungi Resistance—The adhesive shall be tested

separately per Test Method C1338 by the supplier and shall

exhibit no growth, as certiﬁed by the adhesive supplier.

6.2.2.4 Integrity—Laminated insulation shall not exhibit

obvious oxidation/corrosion, discoloration or delamination of

facing, nor exhibit lack of adhesion of facing to insulation

when inspected visually.

6.2.2.5 Dimensional Tolerances—The average measured

length and width shall not differ from the manufacturer’s

standard dimensions, when determined in accordance with Test

Methods C167, (Note 5) by more than the following:

Length,− 0 in. (−0 mm)

Width, −

⁄

in. (−3 mm)

NOTE 5—Normally, a slight excess in all dimensions will be permitted.

However, the purchaser may elect to specify a maximum tolerance to meet

further processing requirements.

7. Workmanship

7.1 Both Type I and Type II material shall exhibit good

workmanship and shall not have visible defects that adversely

affect its serviceability.

8. Sampling

8.1 Quality control records, maintained by the

manufacturer, will usually suffice in the relationship between

the purchaser and the manufacturer. If they mutually agree to

accept lots on the basis of quality control records, no further

sampling is required.

8.2 If the above procedure is not acceptable, sampling shall

be in conformance with Practice C390.

9. Inspection

9.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon between

the purchaser and the supplier as part of the purchase contract.

10. Rejection and Rehearing

10.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of

this speciﬁcation shall constitute cause for rejection. Rejection

shall be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and in

writing.

10.2 The producer or supplier shall have the option to

reinspect rejected shipments and resubmit the entire lot for

inspection and resampling after the removal and replacement

of nonconforming portions.

11. Certiﬁcation

11.1 When speciﬁed in the purchase order or contract, a

producer’s, supplier’s or independent third party’s certiﬁcation

shall be furnished to the purchaser indicating that the material

was manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accor-

dance with this speciﬁcation and has been found to meet the

requirements. When speciﬁed in the purchase order or contract,

a report of the test results shall be furnished.

12. Health and Safety Hazards

12.1 The manufacturer shall provide the users with infor-

mation regarding any hazards and recommended protective

measures to be employed for safe installation and use of the

material.

13. Product Marking

13.1 Unless otherwise speciﬁed, the product package shall

be marked with the seller’s name and designation, length,

width, thickness, R-value, total number of square feet, manu-

facturing date code, surface burning characteristics and, if

applicable, type of facing.

14. Packaging

14.1 Unless otherwise agreed or speciﬁed between the

purchaser and the manufacturer or seller, the insulation shall be

packed in the manufacturer’s standard commercial container.

14.2 If there is residual moisture in the product at the time

of packaging, the package shall be suitably vented to allow for

the dissipation of the moisture.

15. Storage

15.1 The material shall be stored in accordance with the

manufacturer’s recommendations unless otherwise agreed

upon between the purchaser and manufacturer.

15.2 If there are no manufacturers’ recommended storage

requirements, the material shall be stored in a dry location that

protects the package from direct sunlight, weather and tem-

perature extremes.

16. Keywords

16.1 faced insulation; metal building; thermal insulation

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned

in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk

of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ﬁve years and

if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards

and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the

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make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,

United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above

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C991 − 23

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摘要：

ASTM C991 - 23 是适用于柔性纤维绝缘材料的标准规范，最新修订于2023年发布。该标准主要涵盖用于建筑设备和工业应用中使用的无石棉柔性纤维毯、板及卷材的性能要求、测试方法和质量控制指标，包括热阻、厚度、密度、抗拉强度、燃烧特性及腐蚀性等关键参数。该标准旨在确保绝缘材料在使用中具备稳定的热工性能与安全特性，适用于管道、风道及设备表面的保温与隔热工程。通过遵循 ASTM C991 - 23，制造商、检验机构及工程用户能够统一评估产品的合格性，提升建筑节能效果与系统运行安全。本规范对于从事

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