ASTM C1617-24 含从隔热材料中浸出的离子的提取溶液对碳钢水腐蚀的定量加速实验室评估的标准试验方法

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Designation: C1617 −24

Standard Test Method for

Quantitative Accelerated Laboratory Evaluation of

Extraction Solutions Containing Ions Leached from Thermal

Insulation on Aqueous Corrosion of Carbon Steel

This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation C1617; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A

superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers procedures for a quantitative

accelerated laboratory evaluation of the inﬂuence of extraction

solutions containing ions leached from thermal insulation on

the aqueous corrosion of carbon steel. The primary intent of the

practice is for use with thermal insulation and associated

materials that contribute to, or alternatively inhibit, the aqueous

corrosion of carbon steel due to soluble ions that are leached by

water from within the insulation. The quantitative evaluation

criteria are Mass Loss Corrosion Rate (MLCR) expressed in

mils per year determined from the weight loss due to corrosion

of exposed metal coupons after they are cleaned.

1.2 This test method cannot cover all possible ﬁeld condi-

tions that contribute to aqueous corrosion. The intent is to

provide an accelerated means to obtain a non-subjective

numeric value for judging the potential contribution to the

corrosion of carbon steel that can come from ions contained in

thermal insulation materials or other experimental solutions.

The calculated numeric value is the mass loss corrosion rate.

This calculation is based on general corrosion spread equally

over the test duration and the exposed area of the experimental

cells created for the test. Corrosion found in ﬁeld situations and

this accelerated test also involves pitting, edge effects, and the

rate changes over time.

1.3 The insulation extraction solutions prepared for use in

the test can be altered by the addition of corrosive ions to the

solutions to simulate contamination from an external source.

Ions expected to provide corrosion inhibition can be added to

investigate their inhibitory effect.

1.4 Prepared laboratory ionic solutions are used as reference

solutions and controls, to provide a means of calibration and

comparison.

1.5 Other liquids can be tested for their potential corrosive-

ness including cooling tower water, boiler feed, and chemical

stocks. Added chemical inhibitors or protective coatings ap-

plied to the metal can also be evaluated using the general

guidelines of the practice.

1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded

as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical

conversions to SI units that are provided for information only

and are not considered standard.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the

safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the

responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-

priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-

mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-

dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-

ization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-

mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical

Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

A53/A53M Speciﬁcation for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-

Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless

This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal

Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical and

Physical Properties.

Current edition approved May 1, 2024. Published June 2024. Originally

approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as C1617 – 19. DOI:

10.1520/C1617-24.

The Uncertainty Test data have been moved to Appendix X4 because they are

based on data obtained using laboratory fabricated old style test coupons. The

precision and bias section, using the current practice of purchased test coupons,

replaces this uncertainty data. The Uncertainty Test data is preserved (for historical

purposes).

For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or

contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of

ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary

page on the ASTM website.

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

A105/A105M Speciﬁcation for Carbon Steel Forgings for
Piping Applications
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
C665 Speciﬁcation for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insu-
lation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured
Housing
C692 Test Method for Evaluating the Inﬂuence of Thermal
Insulations on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Ten-
dency of Austenitic Stainless Steel
C739 Speciﬁcation for Cellulosic Fiber Loose-Fill Thermal
Insulation
C795 Speciﬁcation for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-
tact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
C871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insu-
lation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate,
and Sodium Ions
C1696 Guide for Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
Related Coating Products
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
sion Test Specimens
G16 Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion
Data
G31 Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of
Metals
G46 Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Cor-
rosion
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions: Refer to Terminology C168 for deﬁnitions
relating to insulation.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test method uses controlled amounts of test solu-
tions delivered drip wise onto a deﬁned area of small ﬂat
coupons of carbon steel for the purpose of producing,
comparing, and measuring the corrosion that occurs on the
carbon steel due to the exposure.
4.2 The test is conducted at elevated temperatures, greatly
accelerating the corrosion in comparison with corrosion at
room temperature. The heat makes the solution evaporate
quickly, allowing an air (oxygen) interface and making thou-
sands of wet-dry-wet cycles possible in a short time.
4.3 Quantitative measurements of corrosion are determined
from the weight change (loss) due to the corrosion of the tested
coupons. Reference tests prepared with known concentrations
of solutions that are conducive to the corrosion of the tested
metal are compared with water solutions containing ions
extracted from insulation samples. Calculations of MLCR in
mils-per-year (MPY) made using the methods of Practice G1
are recorded as the quantitative measurement. The measure-
ments are used to determine compliance with the applicable
ASTM material speciﬁcations on a pass/fail basis when com-
pared to the corrosion reference solutions that were tested at
the same time as the insulation extraction solutions. No other
comparisons shall be made.
5. Signiﬁcance and Use
5.1 Results from this accelerated corrosion test shall not be
considered as an indicator of the useful life of the metal
equipment. Many factors need consideration for applicability
to speciﬁc circumstances. Refer to Guide C1696 and Practice
G31 for additional information.
5.2 Corrosion associated with insulation is an important
concern for insulation manufacturers, speciﬁcation writers,
designers, contractors, users and operators of the equipment.
Some material speciﬁcations contain test methods (or reference
test methods contained in other material speciﬁcations), for use
in evaluating the insulation with regard to the corrosion of
steel, copper, and aluminum. In some cases these tests are not
applicable or effective and have not been evaluated for preci-
sion and bias.
5.3 A properly selected, installed, and maintained insulation
system will reduce the corrosion that often occurs on an
un-insulated structure. However, when the protective weather-
resistant covering of an insulation system fails, the conditions
for the aqueous environment necessary for corrosion under
insulation (CUI) often develop. It is possible the insulation
contains, collects, or concentrates corrosive agents, or a com-
bination thereof, often found in industrial and coastal environ-
ments. If water is not present, these electrolytes cannot migrate
to the metal surface. The electrochemical reaction resulting in
the aqueous corrosion of metal surfaces cannot take place in
the absence of water and electrolytes. Additional environmen-
tal factors contributing to increased corrosion rates are oxygen,
and elevated-temperature (near boiling point).
5.4 Chlorides and other corrosive ions are common to many
environments. The primary corrosion preventative is to protect
insulation and metal from contamination and moisture. Insu-
lation covers, jackets, and metal coating of various kinds are
often used to prevent water inﬁltration and contact with the
metal.
5.5 This procedure can be used to evaluate all types of
thermal insulation and ﬁreprooﬁng materials (industrial,
commercial, residential, cryogenic, ﬁre-resistive, insulating
cement) manufactured using inorganic or organic materials,
faced or unfaced, for which a ﬁltered extraction solution can be
obtained.
5.6 This procedure can also be applicable to insulation
accessories including jacketing, covers, adhesives, cements,
and binders associated with insulation and insulation products.
5.7 Heat treatment of the insulation (as recommended by the
manufacturer up to the maximum potential exposure tempera-
ture) can be used to simulate possible conditions of use.
5.8 Adhesives can be tested by ﬁrst drying followed by
water extraction or by applying a known quantity of the test
adhesive to a test piece of insulation and then extracting.
5.9 Insulating cements can be tested by casting a slab,
drying, and extracting or by using the uncured insulating
cement powder for extraction.
C1617 − 24
2

5.10 Reference tests prepared with various concentrations
of solutions that are conducive to the corrosion of the tested
carbon steel serve as comparative criteria. Solutions containing
chloride, as well as “blank” tests using only de-ionized water
are used.
5.11 Research can be done on insulation that has been
specially formulated to inhibit corrosion in the presence of
corrosive ions through modiﬁcations in basic composition or
incorporation of certain chemical additives. Corrosive ions can
also be added to the insulation extraction solutions to deter-
mine the effectiveness of any inhibitors present.
5.12 Protective surface treatments and coatings of different
types and thickness can be applied to the carbon steel and
compared using various corrosive liquids.
5.13 Several sets of tests are recommended because of the
number of factors that affect corrosion. An average of the tests
and the standard deviation between the test results are used on
the data. Much of the corrosion literature recommends a
minimum of three specimens for every test. Consult Guide G16
for additional statistical methods to apply to the corrosion data.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The test apparatus must be housed in a reasonably clean
and non-dusty environment to avoid any effects of contami-
nants.
6.2 Heated Temperature Controlled Flat Hot Plate (see
Appendix X1)—A1-ft (30.5-cm) square or circular plate that
has uniform temperature across the surface provides the heated
environment. See Appendix X1 for construct design and
sources of assembled systems. Larger plates for testing more
coupons are not excluded.
6.3 Peristaltic Pump (see Appendix X1)—Amulti-channel
peristaltic pump with individual cassettes and silicone tubes is
recommended to supply 250 (610) mL/day to each specimen.
Pump rates must be well controlled.
6.4 Silicone Rubber Tubing (see Appendix X1), to deliver
ﬂuid to the test coupons.
6.5 Miniature Barbed Fitting (see Appendix X1), for con-
nections of tubing (
1
⁄
16
by
1
⁄
16
in.)(0.16 by 0.16 cm).
6.6 Band Saw.
6.7 Balance, capable of 0.0001 (60.0002) g mass determi-
nation.
6.8 Wet-Grinding Belt Grinder/Sander, with used 80-grit (a
belt previously used to make Test Method C692 stainless steel
coupons is acceptable) or new 120-grit wet belt.
6.9 Drying Oven.
6.10 Bottles, plastic 1 L or equivalent, to individually supply
each test specimen with test liquid.
6.11 Nominal 1-in. Pipe Size – PVC Class 200 Irrigation
Pipe (Thin Wall), 1
5
⁄
16
-in. (3.33 cm) OD; 1
3
⁄
16
-in. (3.02 cm) ID
by 1.25-in. (3.18 cm) lengths.
6.12 High Temperature Grease or Oil, for use as heat
transfer medium.
6.13 Rubber O-Ring, 1
1
⁄
4
-in. (3.18 cm) ID, 1
1
⁄
2
-in. (3.81 cm)
OD,
1
⁄
8
-in. (0.32 cm)thick.
6.14 Silicone Sealant, 100 % Silicone sealant.
6.15 Plastic Straw,
1
⁄
8
-in. (0.32 cm) drink stirring straw
(“swizzle stick”) .
6.16 Cleaning Apparatus and Solutions, for the carbon steel
coupons, Hydrochloric acid diluted 1 part to 3 parts water,
razor widget, sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) solution for
neutralizer, xylene, water, paper or cloth towels, Wet Laid,
Nonwoven Fiberglass Facing (Fiberglass Felt Paper)
1
⁄
16
in.
thick – works well as a sacriﬁcial scrubbing pad with the
diluted HCL to clean and polish the coupons.
6.17 Hand-Held Magniﬁer, or 10 to 30× binocular
microscope, or both.
6.18 Filter, 0.45 micron ﬁlter paper.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Distilled or De-Ionized Water, containing less than 0.1
ppm chloride ions. Some de-ionized and reverse osmosis water
have been found not to be pure enough. This water is used to
make the test solutions and reference solutions. The “zero
chloride” water test reference solution results are expected to
be only slightly higher than the cleaning blank result.
7.2 Carbon Steel Test Coupons, meeting the composition
requirements of applicable ASTM Speciﬁcation for Mild Steel.
There are commercial sources for test coupons used for
corrosion testing.
7.2.1 Carbon Steel Coupons ; style: 0.032 Steel, Type R,
Dull Matte Finish. Specs: ASTM D609-Type 1, Temper =
1
⁄
4
hard, Carbon = 0.13; size = 0.032 by 2 by 3.5in. (0.8 x 51 x 89
mm)
7.2.2 Some researchers will want to maintain traceability to
the metals used in other C16 corrosion procedures. Speciﬁca-
tion C739 uses cold rolled, low carbon (<0.30 %) commercial
quality shim steel. Speciﬁcation C665 uses cold rolled, low
carbon, quarter hard, temper No. 3, strip steel. It is possible
other metal grades meeting Speciﬁcation A53/A53M, Speciﬁ-
cation A105/A105M, and other common ferrous steel speciﬁ-
cations are of interest for use in the tests.
7.2.3 It is likely that different results will be found when
switching between various metal grades. The use of reference
solutions of corrosive ions provides a benchmark against which
the leachable ions contained in the insulation are evaluated.
The reference solutions are run during every test sequence,
after having previously established the range of results for the
individual laboratory and the type, grade, and lot of metal.
7.3 Chemically Pure Salts and Reagent Grade Acids shall
be used for preparation of corrosion solutions used in reference
tests for plate calibration and comparison with extraction
solutions.
7.4 Chloride Reference Solutions are prepared from a 1000
ppm (mg/L) chloride solution using 1.64 g of sodium chloride
to one liter of de-ionized water. For a liter of a 1-mg/L chloride
solution, mix 1 mL of 1000 ppm chloride solution to one liter.
Quantity and concentration of the reference solutions are made
as needed for the desired test.
C1617 − 24
3

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标签： #隔热材料 #离子 #提取溶液

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ASTM C1617-24 Standard Test Method for Quantitative Accelerated Laboratory Evaluation of Extraction Solutions Containing lons Leached from Thermal Insulation on Aqueous Corrosion of Carbon Steel 含从隔热材料中浸出的离子的提取溶液对碳钢水腐蚀的定量加速实验室评估的标准试验方法

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ASTM C1617-24 含从隔热材料中浸出的离子的提取溶液对碳钢水腐蚀的定量加速实验室评估的标准试验方法

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