ASTM A234 - A 234M - 25 锻造碳钢和合金钢管道配件标准规范适用于中高温服务
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Designation: A234/A234M −25 Used in USDOE-NE Standards
Standard Specification for
Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for
Moderate and High Temperature Service
1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A234/A234M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification
2
covers wrought carbon steel and
alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction covered
by the latest revision of ASME B16.9, B16.11, MSS-SP-79,
MSS-SP-83, MSS-SP-95, and MSS-SP-97. These fittings are
for use in pressure piping and in pressure vessel fabrication for
service at moderate and elevated temperatures. Fittings differ-
ing from these ASME and MSS standards shall be furnished in
accordance with Supplementary Requirement S58 of Specifi-
cation A960/A960M.
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for
fittings where a greater degree of examination is desired. When
desired, one or more of these supplementary requirements may
be specified in the order.
1.3 This specification does not cover cast welding fittings or
fittings machined from castings. Cast steel welding fittings are
governed by Specifications A216/A216M and A217/A217M.
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in
Specification A960/A960M, the following list of standards
apply to this specification.
2.2 ASTM Standards:
3
A105/A105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for
Piping Applications
A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suit-
able for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service
A217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic
Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-
able for High-Temperature Service
A960/A960M Specification for Common Requirements for
Wrought Steel Piping Fittings
2.3 ASME Standards:
4
B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded
2.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
4
Section III
Section V
Section VIII, Division 1
Section IX
2.5 MSS Standards:
5
MSS-SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,
Flanges, and Unions
MSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer Inserts
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2025. Published September 2025. Originally
approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2024 as A234/A234M – 24.
DOI: 10.1520/A0234_A0234M-25.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
cation SA-234 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
5
Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
hq.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
MSS-SP-83 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket-Welding and
Threaded
MSS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull Plugs
MSS-SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet
Fittings—Socket Welding, Threaded and Buttwelding
Ends
2.6 ASNT Standard:
6
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
2.7 AWS Specifications
7
A5.5/A5.5M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes
for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
A5.23/A5.23M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec-
trodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
A5.28/A5.28M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec-
trodes for Gas Shielded Arc Welding
A5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored
Arc Welding
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this speci-
fication refer to Specification A960/A960M.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 See Specification A960/A960M.
5. General Requirements
5.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to
the requirements of Specification A960/A960M, including any
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase
order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification
A960/A960M constitutes non-conformance with this specifi-
cation. In case of a conflict between the requirements of this
specification and Specification A960/A960M, this specification
shall prevail.
6. Materials
6.1 The starting material for fittings shall be killed steel,
consisting of forgings, bars, plates, sheet, and seamless or
fusion-welded tubular products with filler metal added and
shall conform to the chemical requirements of Table 1. Unless
otherwise specified for carbon steel plates and sheet, the steel
may be made to either coarse grain or fine grain practice. Grade
WP9 shall be made to fine grain practice.
6.2 A starting material specification that specifically re-
quires the addition of any element beyond those listed for the
materials in Table 1 for the applicable grade of material is not
permitted. This does not preclude the use of deoxidizers or the
judicious use of elements for grain size control.
7. Manufacture
7.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed by
hammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, rolling,
bending, fusion welding, machining, or by a combination of
two or more of these operations. The forming procedure shall
be so applied that it will not produce injurious imperfections in
the fittings.
7.2 Fittings NPS-4 and under may be machined from
hot-forged or rolled, cold-sized, and straightened bar stock
having the chemical composition of the Grade in Table 1 and
the mechanical properties of the Grade in Table 2. Heat
treatment shall be in accordance with Section 8. All caps
machined from bar stock shall be examined by liquid penetrant
or magnetic particle in accordance with S52 or S53 in
Specification A960/A960M.
7.3 All welds including welds in tubular products from
which fittings are made shall be (1) made by welders, welding
operators, and welding procedures qualified under the provi-
sions of ASME Section IX, (2) heat treated in accordance with
Section 8of this specification, and (3)radiographically exam-
ined throughout the entire length of each weld in accordance
with Article 2, ASME Section V with acceptance limits in
accordance with Paragraph UW-51 of ASME Section VIII,
Division 1 of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code. In
place of radiographic examination, welds may be ultrasonically
examined in accordance with Appendix 12 of Section VIII. The
NDE of welds in Grades WPB, WPC, WP1, WP11 Class 1,
WP11 Class 2, WP11 Class 3, WP12 Class 1, WP12 Class 2,
and WPR may be performed either prior to or after forming.
NDE of welds in Grades WP5, WP9, WP91 Types 1 and 2,
WP911, WP92, WP22 Class 1, WP22 Class 3, and WP24 shall
be done after forming.
7.3.1 All welds in WP91 Types 1 and 2 shall be made with
one of the following welding processes and consumables:
SMAW, A5.5/A5.5M E90XX-B9; SAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 +
flux; GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9; and FCAW A5.29/
A5.29M E91T1-B9. In addition, the Ni+Mn content of all
welding consumables used to fabricate WP91 Type 1 and Type
2 fittings shall not exceed 1.0 %.
7.3.2 All welds in WP92 and WP911 shall be made using
welding consumables meeting the chemical requirements for
the grade in Table 1.
7.3.3 All welds in WP115 shall be made using deposited
filler metal suitable for the composition being welded. Any
defects shall be thoroughly chipped or ground out before
welding and each welded length shall be re-heat treated or
stress relieved as required by the application specification.
Alternately, the weld shall be made with the welding products
and procedures of 7.3.1.
7.4 Personnel performing NDE examinations shall be quali-
fied in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.
7.5 The welded joints of the fittings shall be finished in
accordance with the requirements of Paragraph UW-35 (a) of
ASME Section VIII, Division 1.
7.6 All butt-weld tees manufactured by cold-forming meth-
od(s) shall be liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examined
by one of the methods specified in Supplementary Requirement
S52 or S53 in Specification A960/A960M. This examination
shall be performed after final heat treatment. Only the side wall
area of the tees need be examined. This area is defined by a
6
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
7
Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,
Miami, FL 33126, http://www.aws.org.
A234/A234M − 25
2
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
NOTE 1—All requirements are maximum unless otherwise indicated.
NOTE 2—Where an ellipsis (...) appears in this table, there is no requirement and analysis for the element need not be determined or reported.
Grade and
Marking
Symbol
A
Composition, %
Carbon Manganese Phospho-
rus Sulfur Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Nickel Copper Others
WPB
B,C,D,E,
0.30 0.29–1.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 0.15 max 0.40 0.40 Vanadium 0.08
WPC
C,D,E,
0.35 0.29–1.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 0.15 max 0.40 0.40 Vanadium 0.08
WP1 0.28 0.30–0.90 0.045 0.045 0.10–0.50 . . . 0.44–0.65 . . . . . . . . .
WP12 CL1, 0.05–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.045 0.045 0.60 0.80–1.25 0.44–0.65 . . . . . . . . .
WP12 CL2 . . .
WP11 CL1 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 0.50–1.00 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65 . . . . . . . . .
WP11 CL2, 0.05–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.040 0.50–1.00 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65 . . . . . . . . .
WP11 CL3 . . .
WP22 CL1, 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 1.90–2.60 0.87–1.13 . . . . . . . . .
WP22 CL3 . . .
WP24 0.05–0.10 0.30–0.70 0.020 0.010 0.15–0.45 2.20–2.60 0.90–1.10 . . . 0.75–1.25 Aluminum 0.020
Boron 0.0015–0.0070
Nitrogen 0.12
Titanium 0.06–0.10
Vanadium 0.20–0.30
WP5 CL1, 0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.030 0.50 4.0–6.0 0.44–0.65 . . . . . . . . .
WP5 CL3 . . .
WP9 CL1,
WP9 CL3
0.15 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 1.00 8.0–10.0 0.90–1.10 . . . . . . . . .
WPR 0.20 0.40–1.06 0.045 0.050 . . . . . . . . . 1.60–2.24 0.75–1.25 . . .
WP91 Type 1 0.08–0.12 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 0.20–0.50 8.0–9.5 0.85–1.05 0.40 . . . Vanadium 0.18–0.25
Columbium
G
0.06–0.10
Nitrogen 0.03–0.07
Aluminum 0.02
F
Titanium 0.01
F
Zirconium 0.01
F
WP91 Type 2 0.08–0.12 0.30–0.50
F
0.020
F
0.005
F
0.20–0.40
F
8.0–9.5
F
0.85–1.05 0.20
F
0.10
F
Vanadium 0.18–0.25
Columbium
G
0.06–0.10
Nitrogen 0.035–0.070
F
Aluminum 0.020
F
N/Al ratio $4.0
Boron 0.001
F
Zirconium 0.01
F
Titanium 0.01
F
Arsenic 0.010
F
Tin 0.010
F
Antimony 0.003
F
Tungsten 0.05
F
WP115 0.08–0.13 0.20–0.50 0.020 0.005 0.15–0.45 10.0–11.0 0.40–0.60 0.25 0.10 Vanadium 0.18–0.25
Niobium 0.02–0.06
Nitrogen 0.030–0.070
Aluminum 0.02
Titanium 0.01
Boron 0.001
Zirconium 0.01
Tungsten 0.05
Arsenic 0.010
Tin 0.010
Antimony 0.003
N/Al ratio 4.0 min
CNB
H
10.5
WP911 0.09–0.13 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 0.10–0.50 8.5–9.5 0.90–1.10 0.40 . . . Vanadium 0.18–0.25
Columbium
G
0.060–0.10
Nitrogen 0.04–0.09
Aluminum 0.02 max
F
Boron 0.0003–0.006
Tungsten 0.90–1.10
Titanium 0.01 max
F
Zirconium 0.01 max
F
WP92 0.07–0.13 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 0.50 8.50–9.50 0.30–0.60 0.40 . . . Aluminum 0.02
F
Boron 0.001–0.006
Columbium
G
0.04–0.09
Nitrogen 0.030–0.070
Titanium 0.01
F
Tungsten 1.50–2.00
Vanadium 0.15–0.25
Zirconium 0.01
F
A
When fittings are of welded construction, the grade and marking symbol shown above shall be supplemented by letter “W”.
B
Fittings made from bar or plate may have 0.35 max carbon.
A234/A234M − 25
3
摘要：
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本页面详细介绍ASTM A234 - A 234M - 25标准规范，该规范适用于中高温服务中使用的锻造碳钢和合金钢管道配件。标准涵盖无缝与焊接结构的弯头、三通、异径管、管帽等常见管件类型，对其化学成分、拉伸性能、硬度、热处理及无损检测等关键技术要求作出明确规定。了解该标准有助于工程采购、质量检验及管道系统设计人员准确选用符合中高温工况要求的管件，确保管道系统在高温环境下的安全性与可靠性。内容包含标准适用范围、材料等级划分、制造工艺要求及常见测试方法，为行业用户提供权威的技术参考依据。
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作者：那山那人那狗
分类：国外协会
价格：20星币
属性：10 页
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时间：2026-05-08
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