ASTM A252 - A 252M - 26 焊接及无缝钢管桩标准规范

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Designation: A252/A252M −26
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Piles
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation A252/A252M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers nominal (average) wall steel
pipe piles of cylindrical shape and applies to pipe piles in
which the steel cylinder acts as a permanent load-carrying
member, or as a shell to form cast-in-place concrete piles. Pipe
piles are produced as both welded and seamless products.
1.2 This speciﬁcation is expressed in both inch-pound units
and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
speciﬁes the applicable Mspeciﬁcation designation (SI units),
the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either
inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as
standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from two systems may result in nonconfor-
mance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this speciﬁcation contains notes and foot-
notes that provide explanatory material. Such notes and
footnotes, excluding those in tables and ﬁgures, do not contain
any mandatory requirements.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
test method portion, Section 16 of this speciﬁcation. This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
A370 Test Methods and Deﬁnitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of
Steel Products
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
E29 Practice for Using Signiﬁcant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Speciﬁcations
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions:
3.1.1 Deﬁnitions of terms used in this speciﬁcation shall be
in accordance with Terminology A941.
3.1.2 defect—an imperfection of sufficient size or magnitude
to be cause for rejection.
3.1.3 heat lot—a group of pipe piles of the same outside
diameter, nominal wall thickness, and steel heat.
3.1.4 imperfection—any discontinuity or irregularity found
in the pipe.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this speciﬁcation shall contain
information concerning as many of the following items as are
required to describe the desired material adequately:
4.1.1 Quantity (feet or number of lengths),
4.1.2 Name of material (steel pipe piles),
4.1.3 Method of manufacture (seamless or welded),
4.1.4 Grade (Tables 1 and 2),
4.1.5 Product analysis (specify if product analysis is
required, if not ladle analysis will be used) (see Section 9),
4.1.6 Size (outside diameter and nominal wall thickness),
4.1.7 Weight (specify if each piece must be weighed) (see
12.1),
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2026. Published February 2026. Originally
approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as A252/A252M – 19.
DOI: 10.1520/A0252_A0252M-26.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

4.1.8 Lengths (single random, double random, or uniform)

(see Section 13),

4.1.9 End ﬁnish (Section 15), and

4.1.10 ASTM speciﬁcation designation and year of issue,

4.1.11 Location of purchaser’s inspection (see 19.1), and

4.1.12 Bar coding (see 22.2).

5. Materials and Manufacture

5.1 The piles shall be made by the seamless, electric

resistance welded, ﬂash welded, or fusion welded process. The

seams of welded pipe piles shall be longitudinal, helical-butt,

or helical-lap.

NOTE 1—For welded pipe piles, the weld should not fail when the

product is properly fabricated and installed and subjected to its intended

end use.

6. Process

6.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the following

processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace.

7. Chemical Composition

7.1 The steel shall contain no more than 0.050 % phospho-

rous.

8. Heat Analysis

8.1 Each heat analysis shall conform to the requirement

speciﬁed in 7.1. When requested by the purchaser, the appli-

cable heat analyses shall be reported to the purchaser or the

purchaser’s representative.

9. Product Analysis

9.1 When speciﬁed in the purchase order, a chemical

analysis shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods,

Practices, and Terminology A751.

9.2 It shall be permissible for the purchaser to make product

analyses using two samples from each heat lot of pipe piles.

The product analyses shall conform to the requirement in 7.1.

9.3 If the chemical compositions of both of the samples

representing a heat lot fail to conform to the speciﬁed

requirement, the heat lot shall be rejected or analyses of four

additional samples selected from the heat lot shall be made,

and each shall conform to the speciﬁed requirement. If the

chemical composition of only one of the samples representing

a heat lot fails to conform to the speciﬁed requirement, the heat

lot shall be rejected or analyses of two additional samples

TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements

NOTE 1—Where an ellipsis (...) appears in this table, there is no requirement.

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3

Tensile strength, min, psi [MPa] 50 000 [345] 60 000 [415] 66 000 [455]

Yield point or yield strength, min, psi [MPa] 30 000 [205] 35 000 [240] 45 000 [310]

Basic minimum elongation for nominal wall thicknesses

⁄

in. [7.9 mm] or more:

Elongation in 8 in. [203.2 mm], min, % 18 14 . . .

Elongation in 2 in. [50.8 mm], min, % 30 25 20

For nominal wall thicknesses less than

⁄

in. [7.9 mm], the deduction from

the basic minimum elongation in 2 in. [50.8 mm] for each

⁄

- in. [0.8 mm]

decrease in nominal wall thickness below

⁄

in. [7.9 mm], in percentage points

1.50

1.25

1.0

Table 2 gives the computed minimum values:

TABLE 2 Calculated Minimum Elongation Values

Nominal Wall Thickness Elongation in 2 in. [50.8 mm], min, %

in. [mm] Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3

⁄

or 0.312 [7.9] 30.00 25.00 20.00

⁄

or 0.281 [7.1] 28.50 23.75 19.00

⁄

or 0.250 [6.4] 27.00 22.50 18.00

⁄

or 0.219 [5.6] 25.50 21.25 17.00

⁄

or 0.188 [4.8] 24.00 20.00 16.00

⁄

or 0.172 [4.4] 23.25 19.50 15.50

⁄

or 0.156 [4.0] 22.50 18.75 15.00

⁄

or 0.141 [3.6] 21.75 18.25 14.50

⁄

or 0.125 [3.2] 21.00 17.50 14.00

⁄

or 0.109 [2.8] 20.25 16.75 13.50

The above table gives the calculated minimum elongation values for various nominal wall thicknesses. Where the speciﬁed nominal wall thickness is intermediate to those

shown above, the minimum elongation value shall be determined as follows:

Grade

1E= 48t+ 15.00 [E= 1.90t+ 15.00]

2E= 40t+ 12.50 [E= 1.56t+ 12.50]

3E= 32t+ 10.00 [E= 1.25t+ 10.00]

where:

E= elongation in 2 in., %, and

t= speciﬁed nominal wall thickness, in. [mm].

A252/A252M − 26

selected from the heat lot shall be made, and each shall
conform to the speciﬁed requirement.
9.4 When a product analysis is not requested in the purchase
order, the manufacturer shall provide the ladle analysis for the
respective heat lot. This ladle analysis shall conform to the
requirements in 7.1.
10. Tensile Requirements
10.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
tensile properties prescribed in Tables 1 and 2.
10.2 The yield point shall be determined by the drop of the
beam, by the halt in the gage of the testing machine, by the use
of dividers, or by other approved methods. When a deﬁnite
yield point is not exhibited, the yield strength corresponding to
a permanent offset of 0.2 % of the gage length of the specimen,
or to a total extension of 0.5 % of the gage length under load
shall be determined.
11. Weights Per Unit Length
11.1 The weights per unit length for various sizes of pipe
piles are listed in Table 3. The permissible variation in weight
is outlined in 12.1.
11.2 For pipe pile sizes not listed in Table 3, the weight per
unit length shall be calculated as follows:
W510.69
~
D2t
!
t
@
W5.0246615
~
D2t
!
t
#
(1)
where:
W= weight per unit length, lb/ft [kg/m],
D= speciﬁed outside diameter, in. [mm], and
t= speciﬁed nominal wall thickness, in. [mm].
12. Permissible Variations in Weights and Dimensions
12.1 Weight—When speciﬁed on the purchase order, each
length of pipe pile shall be weighed separately and its weight
shall not vary more than 15 % over or 5 % under its theoretical
weight, calculated using its length and its weight per unit
length (see Section 11). When not speciﬁed on the purchase
order, the manufacturer shall ensure the pipe conforms to the
weight variation limits of not more than 15 % over or 5 %
under the theoretical weight of the product by other methods.
12.2 Outside Diameter—The outside diameter of pipe piles
shall not vary more than 61 % from the speciﬁed outside
diameter.
12.3 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness at any point shall
not be more than 12.5 % under the speciﬁed nominal wall
thickness. The following calculation shall be used to determine
the minimum wall thickness:
t
n
×0.875 5t
m
(2)
where:
t
n
= nominal wall thickness, and
t
m
= minimum permissible wall thickness.
The wall thickness is expressed to three decimal places, with
rounding being in accordance with Practice E29.
13. Lengths
13.1 Pipe piles shall be furnished in single random lengths,
double random lengths, or in uniform lengths as speciﬁed in
the purchase order, in accordance with the following limits:
Single random lengths 16 to 25 ft [4.88 to 7.62 m], incl
Double random lengths over 25 ft [7.62 m] with a minimum average
of 35 ft [10.67 m]
Uniform lengths length as speciﬁed with a permissible
variation of ±1 in.
13.2 Lengths that have been spliced at the mill by welding
shall be acceptable as the equivalent of unspliced lengths
provided tension test specimens cut from sample splices
conform to the tensile strength requirements prescribed in
Tables 1 and 2. The welding bead shall not be removed for this
test. Such specimens shall be made in accordance with the
provisions speciﬁed in Sections 16 – 18.
14. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
14.1 The ﬁnished pipe piles shall be reasonably straight and
shall not contain imperfections in such number or of such
character as to render the pipe unsuitable for pipe piles.
14.2 Surface imperfections having a depth not in excess of
12.5 % of the speciﬁed nominal wall thickness shall be
acceptable. It shall be permissible to establish the depth of such
imperfections by grinding or ﬁling.
14.3 Surface imperfections having a depth in excess of
12.5 % of the speciﬁed nominal wall thickness shall be
considered to be defects. It shall be permissible for defects not
deeper than 33
1
⁄
3
% of the speciﬁed nominal wall thickness to
be repaired by welding, provided that the defect is completely
removed prior to welding.
15. Ends
15.1 Pipe piles shall be furnished with plain ends. Unless
otherwise speciﬁed, pipe piles shall have either ﬂame–cut or
machine–cut ends, with the burrs at the ends removed. Where
ends are speciﬁed to be beveled, they shall be beveled to an
angle of 30 +5, −0°, measured from a line drawn perpendicular
to the axis of the pipe pile.
16. Number of Tests
16.1 One tension test shall be made on one length or
fraction thereof of each size, or one piece of skelp representing
each heat lot.
16.2 A retest shall be allowed if the percentage of elonga-
tion of any test tension specimen is less than that prescribed in
Tables 1 and 2 and any part of the fracture is more than
3
⁄
4
in.
[19 mm] from the center of the gage length for test specimens
having a 2–in. [50 mm] gage length, or is outside of the middle
third of the gage length for test specimens having an 8–in. [200
mm] gage length, as indicated by scribe scratches marked on
the specimen before testing. A retest shall also be allowed if
any part of the fracture is in an inside or outside surface
imperfection.
16.3 It shall be permissible to discard any test specimen that
shows defective machining or develops imperfections and
substitute another test specimen.
A252/A252M − 26
3

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摘要：

本页面全面解析 ASTM A252 - A 252M - 26 标准规范，涵盖焊接及无缝钢管桩的材料要求、力学性能、尺寸公差与测试方法。该标准由美国材料与试验协会发布，适用于建筑、桥梁、码头及海洋工程中的深基础管桩结构。内容详细说明碳素钢管的屈服强度、抗拉强度、化学成分限制及压扁与弯曲试验要求，并区分A、B、C三级钢材的适用场景。标准同时提供无缝与焊接钢管在直径、壁厚与长度上的允许偏差，帮助工程设计与施工人员精准选材，确保桩基承载安全与耐久性。无论您是结构工程师、承包商还是质检人员，均可通过本文

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