ASTM A414 - A 414M - 25a 压力容器用碳素钢板标准规范

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Designation: A414/A414M −25a

Standard Speciﬁcation for

Steel, Sheet, Carbon, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy for

Pressure Vessels

This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation A414/A414M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year

of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.

A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope*

1.1 This speciﬁcation

covers hot-rolled carbon steel sheet

for pressure vessels involving fusion welding or brazing.

Welding and brazing technique is of fundamental importance

and shall be in accordance with commercial practices.

1.2 The following grades are included in this speciﬁcation:

Mechanical Requirements

Yield Strength, min Tensile Strength, min

Grade ksi MPa ksi MPa

A 25 170 45 310

B 30 205 50 345

C 33 230 55 380

D 35 240 60 415

E 38 260 65 450

F 42 290 70 485

G 45 310 75 515

H 45 310 75 515

1.3 Hot-rolled carbon steel sheet is generally furnished in

cut lengths and to decimal thickness only. Coils may be

furnished, provided tension test specimens are taken to repre-

sent the front end, middle, and back end of the slab as required

by the mechanical property requirements in section 6.1, for

Tensile Strength. The purchaser should recognize this may

require cutting the coils to obtain test samples and results in

half-size coils. The sheet shall be furnished to the following

size limits:

Width, in. [mm]

Thickness, in. [mm] Over 12 [Over 300]

0.270 to 0.230 [7.0 to 6.0] sheet (coils only)

Under 0.230 to 0.057 [6.0 to 1.5] sheet

1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units

are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the

SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each

system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall

be used independently of the other. Combining values from the

two systems may result in nonconformance with the speciﬁ-

cation.

1.5 Tolerances are found in General Requirements Speciﬁ-

cations A568/A568M and A635/A635M. The appropriate Gen-

eral Requirements speciﬁcation is applied based on the thick-

ness and width of the product ordered.

1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-

dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-

ization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-

mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical

Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

A370 Test Methods and Deﬁnitions for Mechanical Testing

of Steel Products

A568/A568M Speciﬁcation for Steel, Sheet, Carbon,

Structural, and High-Strength Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and

Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for

A635/A635M Speciﬁcation for Steel, Sheet and Strip,

Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Alloy, Carbon,

Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and High-Strength

Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, General Require-

ments for

A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related

Alloys, and Ferroalloys

3. Terminology

3.1 Deﬁnitions—For deﬁnitions of other terms used in this

speciﬁcation, refer to Terminology A941.

4. Ordering Information

4.1 Orders for material under this speciﬁcation shall include

the following information, as required, to describe the material

adequately:

This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,

Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

A01.19 on Steel Sheet and Strip.

Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2025. Published December 2025. Originally

approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2025 as A414/A414M – 25.

DOI: 10.1520/A0414_A0414M-25A.

For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Speciﬁ-

cation SA-414 in Section 11 of that Code.

For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or

contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of

ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary

page on the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1.1 Designation or speciﬁcation number, date of issue, and

grade,

4.1.2 Copper bearing steel, when required,

4.1.3 Special requirements, if required,

4.1.3.1 Charpy impact properties may be speciﬁed for

Grade H at the time of order,

4.1.3.2 Strength levels at other than room temperature may

be speciﬁed for Grade H at the time of order,

4.1.4 Condition—pickled (or blast cleaned), if required

(material so ordered will be oiled unless ordered dry),

4.1.5 Dimensions, including type of edges, and

4.1.5.1 When the purchaser requires thickness tolerances for

⁄

in. [10 mm] minimum edge distance (see Supplementary

Requirement in Speciﬁcations A568/A568M or A635/A635M,

as applicable), this requirement shall be speciﬁed in the

purchase order or contract.

NOTE 1—Not all producers are capable of meeting all of the limitations

of the thickness tolerance tables in Speciﬁcation A568/A568M or Speci-

ﬁcation A635/A635M. The purchaser should contact the producer regard-

ing possible limitations prior to placing an order.

4.1.6 Cast or heat analysis, or test report request, or both, if

required.

NOTE 2—A typical ordering description is as follows: “ASTM A414,

Grade A, Hot-Rolled Sheet, 0.100 in. [2.54 mm] by 36 in. [914.4 mm] by

96 in. [2438 mm], cut edges.”

5. Chemical Requirements

5.1 Cast or Heat Analysis—The analysis of the steel shall

conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.

5.1.1 Each of the elements listed in Table 2 shall be included

in the report of the heat analysis. When the amount of an

element present is less than 0.02 %, the analysis may be

reported as “<0.02 %.”

5.2 Product, Check, or Veriﬁcation Analysis—Analyses may

be made by the purchaser from ﬁnished material representing

each heat.

5.3 Deoxidation—For all grades, killed steel is required. See

Table 1 and footnote B.

6. Mechanical Property Requirements

6.1 Tensile Strength:

6.1.1 Requirements—Material as represented by the test

specimen shall conform to the tensile requirements speciﬁed in

Table 3. All master coils produced from slabs shall have test

specimens taken from locations representing the front end,

middle, and back end of the coil. If, during decoiling, the

amount of material decoiled is less than that required to reach

the next standard test location, a test for qualiﬁcation of that

portion of the coil shall be made from a test coupon taken from

a location adjacent to the innermost portion decoiled.

6.1.1.1 All material between any two test locations that

meet the requirements is acceptable.

6.1.1.2 All material between a test location that fails to meet

the requirements and an adjacent test location that meets the

TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements

% Heat Analysis, Element Maximum Unless Otherwise Shown

Grade C Mn

P S Al

C,D

D,E

V Nb

Ti N B

A 0.15 0.90 0.035 0.035 0.02–0.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .

B 0.22 0.90 0.035 0.035 0.02–0.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .

C 0.25 0.90 0.035 0.035 0.02–0.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .

D 0.25 1.20 0.035 0.035 0.02–0.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .

E 0.27 1.20 0.035 0.035 0.02–0.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .

F 0.31 1.20 0.035 0.035 0.02–0.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .

G 0.31 1.35 0.035 0.035 0.02–0.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .

A,G

0.14 1.25 0.020 0.015 0.02–0.08 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.005 min 0.005/0.05 0.005 min 0.012 . . .

For each reduction of 0.01 % below the speciﬁed carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the speciﬁed maximum wll be permitted up to a maximum

of 1.50 %.

The steel shall be considered aluminum-silicon killed when the silicon is between 0.15 % and 0.30 %, otherwise it shall be considered aluminum killed.

When copper is speciﬁed, a minimum of 0.20 % is required. When copper is not speciﬁed, the copper limit is a maximum requirement.

The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 % on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements are speciﬁed, the sum does

not apply, in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining unspeciﬁed elements will apply.

The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements are speciﬁed, the sum does not apply, in which

case, only the individual limits on the remaining unspeciﬁed elements will apply.

Columbium (Cb) is a legacy alternate name for niobium (Nb) and both names refer to element 41 in the periodic table of elements.

Grade H contains the strengthening elements niobium, vanadium, titanium and molybdenum added singly or in combination. The minimum requirements only apply to

the microalloy elements selected for strengthening of the steel.

TABLE 2 Limits on Unspeciﬁed Elements (See 5.1.1)

Copper, max %

Heat analysis 0.40

Product analysis 0.43

Nickel, max %

Heat analysis 0.40

Product analysis 0.43

Chromium, max %

A,B

Heat analysis 0.30

Product analysis 0.34

Molybdenum, max %

A,B

Heat analysis 0.12

Product analysis 0.13

Vanadium, max %

Heat analysis 0.03

Product analysis 0.04

Niobium, max %

C, D

Heat analysis 0.02

Product analysis 0.03

The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 %

on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements are speciﬁed, the sum does

not apply, in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining unspeciﬁed

elements will apply.

The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heat

analysis. When one or more of these elements are speciﬁed, the sum does not

apply, in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining unspeciﬁed

elements will apply.

By agreement, the heat analysis limits for vanadium or niobium, or both, may be

increased up to 0.10 % and 0.05 %, respectively.

Columbium (Cb) is a legacy alternate name for niobium (Nb) and both names

refer to element 41 in the periodic table of elements.

A414/A414M − 25a

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requirements is rejectable, except that the processor has the

option to make other tests after cutting back the coil in either

direction.

6.1.2 Location and Orientation:

6.1.2.1 Tensile test samples shall be taken from the full

thickness of the sheet as rolled.

6.1.2.2 Tensile test specimens shall be taken from a location

approximately halfway between the center of the sheet and the

edge of the material as-rolled.

6.1.2.3 Tensile test specimens shall be taken with the axis of

the test specimen perpendicular to the rolling direction (trans-

verse test).

6.1.3 Test Method—Yield strength shall be determined by

either the 0.2 % offset method or by the 0.5 % extension under

load method, unless otherwise speciﬁed per Test Method A370.

6.2 Impact Properties:

6.2.1 Requirements—At the time of order, Charpy impact

properties may be speciﬁed by the purchaser for Grade H only.

6.2.1.1 Impact energy minimums and testing temperatures

shall be agreed upon between the producer and the purchaser.

6.2.2 Number of Tests—Three samples taken in the trans-

verse direction shall be taken at mid-length (middle) of each

coil to be certiﬁed.

6.2.3 Testing shall be in accordance with Test Method

A370.

7. General Requirements for Delivery

7.1 Material furnished under this speciﬁcation shall con-

form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of

Speciﬁcation A568/A568M or Speciﬁcation A635/A635M un-

less otherwise provided herein.

8. Workmanship

8.1 The material shall be free from injurious defects (see

Speciﬁcations A568/A568M or A635/A635M, as appropriate

due to thickness).

9. Finish and Appearance

9.1 Surface Finish:

9.1.1 Unless otherwise speciﬁed, the material shall be fur-

nished without removing the hot-rolled oxide or scale.

9.1.2 When required, the material may be speciﬁed to be

pickled or blast cleaned.

9.2 Oiling:

9.2.1 Unless otherwise speciﬁed, the material shall be fur-

nished not oiled.

9.2.2 When speciﬁed to be pickled or blast cleaned, the

material shall be furnished oiled. When required, pickled or

blast-cleaned material may be speciﬁed to be furnished dry.

9.3 Edges—Unless otherwise speciﬁed, mill edges shall be

furnished on material that has not had the hot-rolled oxide or

scale removed and cut edges shall be furnished on material that

has had the hot-rolled oxide or scale removed.

10. Certiﬁcation and Reports

10.1 The manufacturer or processor shall furnish copies of a

test report showing the results of the heat analysis and

mechanical property tests made to determine compliance with

this speciﬁcation.

10.2 The report shall include the purchase order number, the

speciﬁcation number and year date, product designation, grade,

the heat number, and heat analysis and mechanical properties

as indicated by the tension test.

10.2.1 All the mechanical properties from tensile test speci-

mens secured from the front end, middle, and back end

locations from every coil shall be reported along with the coil

identiﬁcation for that coil. The test report shall contain the

results of three tensile tests for each coil, and all must meet the

requirements speciﬁed in the tensile requirements table.

10.3 A signature is not required on the test report. However,

the document shall clearly identify the organization submitting

the report. Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the

organization submitting the report is responsible for the content

of the report.

10.4 A Material Test Report, Certiﬁcate of Inspection, or

similar document printed from or used in electronic form from

an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be

regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in

the certiﬁer’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted

document must meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM

standard and the purchaser and supplier. Notwithstanding the

absence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI

transmission is responsible for the content of the report.

TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements

Designation Yield

Strength

Tensile Strength Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm] min % for Thickness Elongation in 8 in.

[200 mm], min %

Minimum Maximum Under 0.270 in. [7.0 mm]

to 0.145 in. [3.8 mm]

Under 0.145 in. [3.8 mm]

to 0.089 in. [2.2 mm]

Under 0.089 in. [2.2 mm]

to 0.057 in. [1.5 mm]

ksi [MPa] ksi [MPa] ksi [MPa] - - - -

Grade A 25 [170] 45 [310] 60 [415] 26 24 23 20

Grade B 30 [205] 50 [345] 65 [450] 24 22 21 18

Grade C 33 [230] 55 [380] 70 [485] 22 20 19 16

Grade D 35 [240] 60 [415] 75 [515] 20 18 17 14

Grade E 38 [260] 65 [450] 85 [585] 18 16 15 12

Grade F 42 [290] 70 [485] 90 [620] 16 14 13 10

Grade G 45 [310] 75 [515] 95 [655] 16 14 13 10

Grade H 45 [310] 75 [515] 90 [620] 25 24 23 20

Yield strength determined by the 0.2 % offset or 0.5 % extension under load methods.

A414/A414M − 25a

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标签： #压力容器 #钢 #碳素钢板

摘要：

该标准规范 ASTM A414 - A 414M - 25a 详细规定了用于压力容器制造的碳素钢板的技术要求、化学成分、力学性能、尺寸公差及试验方法，适用于焊接或无缝结构的压力容器用钢板。该标准覆盖了从低碳到中碳的多个牌号，确保材料在高温、高压环境下具有良好的强度、韧性和可焊性。遵循此规范可帮助制造商和工程师选用符合安全标准的钢材，提升压力容器在石油、化工、能源等行业的可靠性与使用寿命。

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