ASTM E119 - 26 建筑结构和材料耐火试验标准测试方法

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Designation: E119 −26 An American National Standard

Standard Test Methods for

Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials

This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation E119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A

superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

INTRODUCTION

The performance of walls, columns, ﬂoors, and other building members under ﬁre-exposure

conditions is an item of major importance in securing constructions that are safe, and that are not a

menace to neighboring structures or to the public. Recognition of this is registered in the codes of

many authorities, municipal and other. It is important to secure balance of the many units in a single

building, and of buildings of like character and use in a community; and also to promote uniformity

in requirements of various authorities throughout the country. To do this it is necessary that the

ﬁre-resistive properties of materials and assemblies be measured and speciﬁed according to a common

standard expressed in terms that are applicable alike to a wide variety of materials, situations, and

conditions of exposure.

Such a standard is found in the test methods that follow. They prescribe a standard exposing ﬁre of

controlled extent and severity. Performance is deﬁned as the period of resistance to standard exposure

elapsing before the ﬁrst critical point in behavior is observed. Results are reported in units in which

ﬁeld exposures can be judged and expressed.

The test methods may be cited as the “Standard Fire Tests,” and the performance or exposure shall

be expressed as “2-h,” “6-h,” “

⁄

-h,” etc.

When a factor of safety exceeding that inherent in the test conditions is desired, a proportional

increase should be made in the speciﬁed time-classiﬁcation period.

1. Scope

1.1 The test methods described in this ﬁre-test-response

standard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and to

composite assemblies of structural materials for buildings,

including loadbearing and other walls and partitions, columns,

girders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assemblies

for ﬂoors and roofs. They are also applicable to other assem-

blies and structural units that constitute permanent integral

parts of a ﬁnished building.

1.2 It is the intent that classiﬁcations shall register compara-

tive performance to speciﬁc ﬁre-test conditions during the

period of exposure and shall not be construed as having

determined suitability under other conditions or for use after

ﬁre exposure.

1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the

response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and

ﬂame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself

incorporate all factors required for ﬁre hazard or ﬁre risk

assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under

actual ﬁre conditions.

1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard ﬁre exposure

for comparing the test results of building construction assem-

blies. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing

These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire

Standards and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Fire

Resistance.

Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2026. Published January 2026. Originally

approved in 1917 as C19-1917 T. Last previous edition approved in 2024 as

E119 – 24. DOI: 10.1520/E0119-26.

These test methods, of which the present standard represents a revision, were

prepared by Sectional Committee on Fire Tests of Materials and Construction, under

the joint sponsorship of the National Bureau of Standards, the ANSI Fire Protection

Group, and ASTM, functioning under the procedure of the American National

Standards Institute.

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

predicted ﬁre performance of building construction and assem-
blies. Application of these test results to predict the perfor-
mance of actual building construction requires the evaluation
of test conditions.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
conducting these tests.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and ﬁgures) shall not be considered
as requirements of the standard.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C569 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Preformed
Thermal Insulations (Withdrawn 1988)
3
D6513 Practice for Calculating the Superimposed Load on
Wood-frame Walls for Standard Fire-Resistance Tests
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestop
Systems
E2032 Practice for Extension of Data From Fire Resistance
Tests Conducted in Accordance with ASTM E 119
E2226 Practice for Application of Hose Stream
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions—For deﬁnitions of terms found in this test
method, refer to Terminology E176.
4. Signiﬁcance and Use
4.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the duration
for which the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain a
ﬁre, retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both properties
during a predetermined test exposure.
4.2 The test exposes a test specimen to a standard ﬁre
controlled to achieve speciﬁed temperatures throughout a
speciﬁed time period. When required, the ﬁre exposure is
followed by the application of a speciﬁed standard ﬁre hose
stream applied in accordance with Practice E2226. The test
provides a relative measure of the ﬁre-test-response of compa-
rable building elements under these ﬁre exposure conditions.
The exposure is not representative of all ﬁre conditions because
conditions vary with changes in the amount, nature and
distribution of ﬁre loading, ventilation, compartment size and
conﬁguration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment.
Variation from the test conditions or test specimen
construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also
affects the ﬁre-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of
the variation is required for application to construction in the
ﬁeld.
4.3 The test standard provides for the following:
4.3.1 For walls, partitions, and ﬂoor or roof test specimens:
4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.
4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gases
through the test specimen.
4.3.1.3 For loadbearing elements, measurement of the load
carrying ability of the test specimen during the test exposure.
4.3.2 For individual loadbearing members such as beams
and columns:
4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under the
test exposure with consideration for the end support conditions
(that is, restrained or not restrained).
4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:
4.4.1 Information as to performance of test specimens
constructed with components or lengths other than those tested.
4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test specimen
contributes to the ﬁre hazard by generation of smoke, toxic
gases, or other products of combustion.
4.4.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of
the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the
test specimen.
4.4.4 Simulation of the ﬁre behavior of joints between
building elements such as ﬂoor-wall or wall-wall, etc., connec-
tions.
4.4.5 Measurement of ﬂame spread over the surface of test
specimens.
4.4.6 The effect on ﬁre-resistance of conventional openings
in the test specimen, that is, electrical receptacle outlets,
plumbing pipe, etc., unless speciﬁcally provided for in the
construction tested. Also see Test Method E814 for testing of
ﬁre stops.
5. Test Specimen
5.1 The test specimen shall be representative of the con-
struction that the test is intended to assess, as to materials,
workmanship, and details such as dimensions of parts, and
shall be built under conditions representative of those applied
in building construction and operation. The physical properties
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
E119 − 26
2

of the materials and ingredients used in the test specimen shall
be determined and recorded.
5.2 The size and dimensions of the test specimen speciﬁed
herein shall apply for classifying constructions of dimensions
within the range employed in buildings. When the conditions
of use limit the construction to smaller dimensions, the
dimensions of the test specimen shall be reduced proportion-
ately for a test qualifying them for such restricted use.
5.3 Test specimens designed with a built-up roof shall be
tested with a roof covering of 3 ply, 15 lb (6.8 kg) type felt,
with not more than 120 lb (54 kg) per square 100 ft
2
(9 m
2
) of
hot mopping asphalt without gravel surfacing. Tests with this
covering do not preclude the ﬁeld use of other coverings with
a larger number of plys of felt, with a greater amount of asphalt
or with gravel surfacing.
5.4 Rooﬁng systems designed for other than the use of
built-up roof coverings shall be tested using materials and
details of construction representative of ﬁeld application.
6. Protection and Conditioning of Test Specimen
6.1 Protect the test specimen during and after fabrication to
ensure its quality and condition at the time of test. The test
specimen shall not be tested until its required strength has been
attained, and, until an air-dry condition has been achieved in
accordance with the requirements given in 6.2 – 6.4. Protect
the testing equipment and test specimen undergoing the ﬁre-
resistance test from any condition of wind or weather that is
capable of affecting results. The ambient air temperature at the
beginning of the test shall be within the range of 50 °F to 90 °F
(10 °C to 32 °C). The velocity of air across the unexposed
surface of the test specimen, measured just before the test
begins, shall not exceed 4.4 ft (1.3 m/s), as determined by an
anemometer placed at right angles to the unexposed surface.
When mechanical ventilation is employed during the test, an
air stream shall not be directed across the surface of the test
specimen.
6.2 Prior to the ﬁre-resistance test, condition test specimens
with the objective of providing moisture condition within the
test specimen representative of that in similar construction in
buildings. For purposes of standardization, this condition is
established at equilibrium resulting from conditioning in an
ambient atmosphere of 50 % relative humidity at 73 °F (23 °C)
(Note 1).
6.2.1 With some constructions it is difficult or impossible to
achieve such uniformity. Where this is the case, test specimens
are tested when the dampest portion of the test specimen, or the
portion at 6 in. (152 mm) depth below the surface of massive
constructions, has achieved a moisture content corresponding
to conditioning to equilibrium with air in the range of 50 % to
75 % relative humidity at 73 °F 65 °F (23 °C 63 °C).
6.2.2 When evidence is shown that test specimens condi-
tioned in a heated building will fail to meet the requirements of
6.2 after a 12-month conditioning period, or in the event that
the nature of the construction is such that it is evident that
conditioning of the test specimen interior is prevented by
hermetic sealing, the moisture condition requirements of 6.2
are permitted to be waived, and either 6.2.2.1 or 6.2.2.2 shall
apply.
6.2.2.1 Alternative conditioning methods are permitted to
be used to achieve test specimen equilibrium prescribed in 6.2
(Note 2), or
6.2.2.2 The specimen tested when its strength is at least
equal to its design strength after a minimum 28 day condition-
ing period.
6.3 Avoid conditioning procedures that will alter the struc-
tural or ﬁre-resistance characteristics of the test specimen from
those produced as the result of conditiong in accordance with
procedures given in 6.2.
6.4 Information on the actual moisture content and distri-
bution within the test specimen shall be obtained within 72 h
prior to the ﬁre. Include this information in the test report (Note
3).
NOTE 1—A recommended method for determining the relative humidity
within a hardened concrete test specimen with electric sensing elements is
described in Appendix I of the paper by Menzel, C. A., “A Method for
Determining the Moisture Condition of Hardened Concrete in Terms of
Relative Humidity,” Proceedings, ASTM, Vol 55, 1955, p. 1085. A similar
procedure with electric sensing elements is permitted to be used to
determine the relative humidity within test specimens made with other
materials.
With wood constructions, the moisture meter based on the electrical
resistance method can be used, when appropriate, as an alternative to the
relative humidity method to indicate when wood has attained the proper
moisture content. Electrical methods are described on page 12-2 of the
1999 edition of the Wood Handbook of the Forest Products Laboratory,
U.S. Department of Agriculture. The relationships between relative
humidity and moisture content are given in Table 3-4 on p. 3-7. This
indicates that wood has a moisture content of 13 % at a relative humidity
of 70 % for a temperature of 70 °F to 80 °F (21 °C to 27 °C).
NOTE 2—An example where alternative conditioning may be employed
is where concrete specimens are conditioned at elevated temperatures in a
“heated building” to more rapidly obtain the conditions described in 6.2.
In such cases, temperatures other than 73 °F (23 °C) are used to reach a
maximum 50 % relative humidity.
NOTE 3—If the moisture condition of the test specimen is likely to
change drastically from the 72-h sampling time prior to test, the sampling
should be made not later than 24 h prior to the test.
7. Control
7.1 Fire-Resistance Test:
7.1.1 Time-Temperature Curve:
7.1.1.1 The furnace temperatures shall be controlled to
follow the standard time-temperature curve shown in Fig. 1.
The points on the curve that determine its character are:
1000 °F (538 °C) at 5 min
1300 °F (704 °C) at 10 min
1550 °F (843 °C) at 30 min
1700 °F (927 °C) at 1 h
1850 °F (1010 °C) at 2 h
2000 °F (1093 °C) at 4 h
2300 °F (1260 °C) at 8 h or over
7.1.1.2 For a more detailed deﬁnition of the time-
temperature curve, see Appendix X1.
NOTE 4—Recommendations for Recording Fuel Flow to Furnace
Burners— The following provides guidance on the desired characteristics
of instrumentation for recording the ﬂow of fuel to the furnace burners.
Fuel ﬂow data may be useful for a furnace heat balance analysis, for
measuring the effect of furnace or control changes, and for comparing the
E119 − 26
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标签： #结构 #测试方法 #材料

摘要：

ASTM E119 - 26 是由美国材料与试验协会（ASTM International）制定的建筑结构和材料耐火试验标准测试方法，广泛应用于评估墙体、楼板、梁柱等建筑构件在火灾条件下的防火性能。该标准通过严格控制的加热曲线和加载条件，测定结构在高温下的承重能力、完整性及隔热性能，为建筑设计、工程验收与法规合规提供关键依据。了解和遵循ASTM E119 - 26，有助于确保建筑材料的耐火等级符合国际安全要求，从而提升整体防火安全水平。

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