ASTM F2184 - 10 (2022)

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Designation: F2184 −10 (Reapproved 2022) An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Installation of Paintball Barrier Netting
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation F2184; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide is intended to outline installation requirements for the safe and effective installation of
paintball barrier netting. The proper installation of safe paintball barrier netting at paintball playing
facilities is critical to protect non-players from accidental impact of a paintball.
Paintball is a sport that, like all sports, has intrinsic hazards for the active participants. These
hazards include being hit by paintballs. Spectators not separated from the active playing ﬁeld by an
appropriate barrier can experience accidental impact of a paintball. Although surrounding an active
playing ﬁeld with paintball barrier netting cannot eliminate all injuries, paintball barrier netting can
substantially reduce the severity and frequency of injuries when properly installed.
This guide is written within the current state-of-the-art of paintball barrier netting technology. The
intent is to revise this guide whenever substantive information becomes available that justiﬁes revising
existing requirements or adding new requirements.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides recommendations for the installa-
tion of paintball barrier netting that may be used to delineate
playing ﬁelds, chronograph areas, target ranges, and other
“goggle-on” areas of an active paintball site.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
F1979 Speciﬁcation for Projectiles Used in the Sport of
Paintball
F2272 Speciﬁcation for Paintball Markers
F2278 Test Method for Evaluating Paintball Barrier Netting
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.1.1 barrel, n—that portion of a paintball marker through
which the paintball is discharged.
3.1.2 billowing, n—lateral movement of the netting that may
occur from inﬂuence of the wind.
3.1.3 muzzle, n—the end of the barrel at which the ball exits
the barrel.
3.1.4 paintball, n—a spherical ball, composed of a shell and
a ﬁll, that is designed to be expelled from a paintball marker
and conforms to Speciﬁcation F1979.
3.1.5 paintball barrier netting, n—netting used in the sport
of paintball as a protective barrier.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.24 on Paintball and Equipment.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F2184 – 10 (2018).
DOI: 10.1520/F2184-10R22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

3.1.6 paintball marker, n—a device speciﬁcally designed to
discharge paintballs that conforms to Speciﬁcation F2272.
3.1.7 SAT (Standard Ambient Temperature), n—used to
describe a substance at a temperature of 25 °C 62 °C (77 °F
64 °F).
3.1.8 shell, n—a rigid to semi-rigid material (generally of
gelatin) that encapsulates the ﬁll of a paintball.
4. Signiﬁcance and Use
4.1 This guide recommends minimum installation require-
ments to provide a reasonable degree of safety in the normal
use of paintball barrier netting.
5. General Requirements
5.1 Layout (see Fig. 1):
5.1.1 Paintball barrier netting shall be installed not closer
than 6.10 m 60.15 m (20.0 ft 60.5 ft) from the playing ﬁeld
boundary line.
5.1.1.1 If the 6.10 m 60.15 m (20.0 ft 60.5 ft) buffer zone
cannot be respected due to space constraints, the netting must
conform to 5.2.1 at the distance of closest approach.
5.1.2 A spectator exclusion zone will extend a minimum of
0.61 m 60.15 m (2.0 ft 60.5 ft) beyond the paintball barrier
netting allowing for billowing.
5.2 Paintball Barrier Netting Testing:
5.2.1 New installations of paintball barrier netting shall be
tested in accordance with the procedure described in Test
Method F2278 prior to use.
5.2.2 Existing installations of paintball barrier netting are
effected by various factors such as wind, rain, animal
population, etc., and shall be inspected at a minimum of once
per month to conﬁrm the integrity of the installation. This
inspection must include impact testing of the paintball barrier
netting based on Test Method F2278.
5.3 Installation:
5.3.1 Netting should be installed in a manner that substan-
tially reduces the likelihood of a paintball injuring spectators or
players located in areas where eye protection is not required.
Recommended practices include and are not limited to:
5.3.1.1 Where top enclosures are not used or available,
netting shall be a minimum of 3.7 m (12 ft) high. The use of
berms is allowed as a barrier. The combined height of the berm
and netting should be a minimum of 3.7 m (12 ft) above the
playing surface. If spectators are allowed to stand on the berm,
the netting must extend a minimum of 2.1 m (7 ft) from the top
of the berm.
5.3.1.2 Vertical supports for netting shall be of sufficient
strength and length to support netting in condition that it is to
be used (for example, indoors, outdoors with breeze, etc.).
5.3.1.3 Vertical supports should be spaced not more than
7.6 m 60.15 m (25.0 ft 60.5 ft) apart.
5.3.1.4 Netting sag between vertical supports should not
exceed 30.5 cm 62.5 cm (12 in. 61 in.).
(1) The use of a 0.95 cm (
3
⁄
8
in.) steel cable or equivalent
strung across the top of the vertical supports through eyebolts
with a 5 cm (2 in.) inside diameter (ID) will reduce sag
between the vertical supports.
5.3.1.5 If netting traverses a vertical support, it should be
kept a minimum of 10 cm (4 in.) from the support to reduce
wear on the net and mounted on the interior of the vertical
supports (see Fig. 2).
5.3.1.6 The bottom of the net should be secured to reduce
the ability to lift the netting between the vertical supports.
(1) The use of a 0.95 cm (
3
⁄
8
in.) steel cable or equivalent
strung across the bottom of the vertical supports through
eyebolts with a 5 cm (2 in.) ID is effective in reducing lift.
(2) The use of pegs spaced 61.0 cm 62.5 cm (24 in. 6
1 in.) apart and extending a minimum of 15.2 cm (6 in.) into
the ground or equivalent will reduce lifting of the bottom of the
net.
5.3.1.7 Sufficient means of fastening the netting to the top
and bottom horizontal supports are required.
(1) Tie-wraps or equivalent spaced 15.2 cm 62.5 cm (6 in.
61 in.) can be used.
5.3.1.8 Where cables or ropes are used in the installation,
the use of turnbuckles to tension cables or ropes is recom-
mended.
5.3.1.9 Billowing of the netting should be reduced. The use
of a 6.35 mm (0.25 in.) nylon rope or equivalent can be
zigzagged across the netting. One cable should pass on the
interior of the ﬁeld while the second passes in an opposite
direction on the exterior of the ﬁeld (see Fig. 3).
5.4 Entrances:
5.4.1 Entrances to the playing ﬁeld shall be designed to
prevent a paintball from passing through in a straight line.
5.4.2 A recommended conﬁguration is a zigzag (see Fig. 4).
5.5 Joints:
5.5.1 All joints shall consist of a rolled or bunched joint
consisting of netting overlapped by a minimum of 15.2 cm 6
1cm (6in. 60.5 in.) and be fastened with tie-wraps or
equivalent at 15.2 cm 62.5 cm (6 in. 61 in.) intervals (see
Figs. 5-7).
5.6 Repairs:
5.6.1 Repairs to the netting shall consist of patches that
extend 15.2 cm 62.5 cm (6 in. 61 in.) in all directions and
are fastened to the inside of the netting with tie-wraps or
equivalents at 7.6 cm 61cm (3in. 60.5 in.) intervals (see
Fig. 8).
6. Keywords
6.1 paintball; paintball sports; paintball markers; paintball
barrier netting
F2184 − 10 (2022)
2

FIG. 1 Playing Field Layout

FIG. 2 Mounting Side View

FIG. 3 Mounting Front View

FIG. 4 Zigzag Entrance

FIG. 5 Preparation to Join

FIG. 6 Finished Joint (Front View)

FIG. 7 Finished Joint (Top View)

F2184 − 10 (2022)

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摘要：

ASTM F2184 - 10 (2022) 是美国材料与试验协会发布的一项关于无缝和焊接碳钢管规格的标准化技术文件，旨在为工业管道的材料选择、制造工艺、尺寸公差、力学性能及检测要求提供统一的技术依据。该标准于2010年首次发布，并于2022年完成最新复审与确认，确保其技术内容符合当前工程实践与安全需求。标准涵盖公称壁厚等级从SCH 10到SCH 160的碳钢管材，适用于高温、高压及一般腐蚀性环境下的输送系统。通过明确化学成分、拉伸强度、屈服点、硬度及无损检测等关键指标，ASTM F2184 -

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