ACI 302.1R-04 Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction

VIP免费

老杨树 2025-01-07 43 1.02MB 77 页 15星币

侵权投诉

ACI 302.1R-04 supersedes ACI 302.1R-96 and became effective March 23, 2004.

means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or

mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction

or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing

is obtained from the copyright proprietors.

ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Standard Practices, and

Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning,

designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This

document is intended for the use of individuals who are

competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its

content and recommendations and who will accept

responsibility for the application of the material it contains.

The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all

responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall not

be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.

Reference to this document shall not be made in contract

documents. If items found in this document are desired by the

Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they

shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by

the Architect/Engineer.

302.1R-1

It is the responsibility of the user of this document to

establish health and safety practices appropriate to the specific

circumstances involved with its use. ACI does not make any

representations with regard to health and safety issues and the

use of this document. The user must determine the

applicability of all regulatory limitations before applying the

document and must comply with all applicable laws and

regulations, including but not limited to, United States

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

health and safety standards.

Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction

ACI 302.1R-04

FOREWORD

The quality of a concrete floor or slab is highly dependent on achieving a

hard and durable surface that is flat, relatively free of cracks, and at the

proper grade and elevation. Properties of the surface are determined by the

mixture proportions and the quality of the concreting and jointing opera-

tions. The timing of concreting operationsespecially finishing, jointing,

and curingis critical. Failure to address this issue can contribute to

undesirable characteristics in the wearing surface such as cracking, low

resistance to wear, dusting, scaling, high or low spots, poor drainage, and

increasing the potential for curling.

Concrete floor slabs employing portland cement, regardless of slump,

will start to experience a reduction in volume as soon as they are placed.

This phenomenon will continue as long as any water, heat, or both, is being

released to the surroundings. Moreover, because the drying and cooling

rates at the top and bottom of the slab will never be the same, the shrinkage

will vary throughout the depth, causing the as-cast shape to be distorted

and reduced in volume.

This guide contains recommendations for controlling random cracking

and edge curling caused by the concrete’s normal volume change. Applica-

tion of present technology permits only a reduction in cracking and curling,

not elimination. Even with the best floor designs and proper construction,

it is unrealistic to expect crack-free and curl-free floors. Consequently,

every owner should be advised by both the designer and contractor that it

is normal to expect some amount of cracking and curling on every project,

and that such occurrence does not necessarily reflect adversely on either

the adequacy of the floor’s design or the quality of its construction (Ytter-

berg 1987; Campbell et al. 1976).

Refer to the latest edition of ACI 360R for a detailed discussion of

shrinkage and curling in slabs-on-ground. Refer to the latest edition of ACI

224R for a detailed discussion of cracking in reinforced and nonreinforced

concrete slabs.

This guide describes how to produce high-quality concrete slabs-on-

ground and suspended floors for various classes of service. It emphasizes

aspects of construction such as site preparation, concreting materials,

concrete mixture proportions, concreting workmanship, joint construction,

load transfer across joints, form stripping procedures, finishing methods, and

curing. Flatness/levelness requirements and measurements are outlined. A

thorough preconstruction meeting is critical to facilitate communication

among key participants and to clearly establish expectations and procedures

that will be employed during construction to achieve the floor qualities

required by the project specifications. Adequate supervision and inspection

are required for job operations, particularly those of finishing.

Keywords: admixture; aggregate; concrete; consolidation; contract docu-

ments; curing; curling; deflection; durability; form; fracture; joint; mixture

proportioning; mortar, paste, placing; quality control; slab-on-ground;

slabs; slump test; specification.

CONTENTS

Chapter 1—Introduction, p. 302.1R-2

1.1—Purpose and scope

1.2—Terminology

1.3—Related work of other committees

Reported by ACI Committee 302

Robert B. Anderson C. Rick Felder John P. Munday

Charles M. Ault Edward B. Finkel Joseph P. Neuber, Jr.

Charles M. Ayers Jerome H. Ford Russell E. Neudeck

Kenneth L. Beaudoin Barry E. Foreman Scott E. Niemitalo

Carl Bimel Terry J. Fricks Mark E. Patton

Michael G. Callas Robert J. Gulyas William S. Phelan

Douglas W. Deno Patrick J. Harrison Dennis W. Phillips

Gregory Dobson Eugene D. Hill, Jr. John W. Rohrer

Alphonse E. Engleman Jerry A. Holland Philip A. Smith

Robert A. Epifano Arthur W. McKinney Bruce A. Suprenant

Samuel A. Face, III Steven N. Metzger R. Gregory Taylor

Eldon Tipping

Chair

Dennis Ahal

Secretary

302.1R-2 ACI COMMITTEE REPORT

Chapter 2—Classes of floors, p. 302.1R-5

2.1—Classification of floors

2.2—Single-course monolithic floors: Classes 1, 2, 4, 5,

and 6

2.3—Two-course floors: Classes 3, 7, and 8

2.4—Class 9 floors

2.5—Special finish floors

Chapter 3—Design considerations, p. 302.1R-6

3.1—Scope

3.2—Slabs-on-ground

3.3—Suspended slabs

3.4—Miscellaneous details

Chapter 4—Site preparation and placing

environment, p. 302.1R-17

4.1—Soil-support system preparation

4.2—Suspended slabs

4.3—Bulkheads

4.4—Setting screed guides

4.5—Installation of auxiliary materials

4.6—Concrete placement conditions

Chapter 5—Materials, p. 302.1R-20

5.1—Introduction

5.2—Concrete

5.3—Portland cement

5.4—Aggregates

5.5—Water

5.6—Curing materials

5.7—Admixtures

5.8—Liquid surface treatments

5.9—Reinforcement

5.10—Evaporation reducers

5.11—Gloss-imparting waxes

5.12—Joint materials

5.13—Volatile organic compounds (VOC)

Chapter 6—Concrete properties and consistency,

p. 302.1R-27

6.1—Concrete properties

6.2—Recommended concrete mixture

6.3—Concrete mixture analysis

Chapter 7—Batching, mixing, and transporting,

p. 302.1R-34

7.1—Batching

7.2—Mixing

7.3—Transporting

Chapter 8—Placing, consolidating, and finishing,

p. 302.1R-35

8.1—Placing operations

8.2—Tools for spreading, consolidating, and finishing

8.3—Spreading, consolidating, and finishing operations

8.4—Finishing Class 1, 2, and 3 floors

8.5—Finishing Class 4 and 5 floors

8.6—Finishing Class 6 floors and monolithic-surface

treatments for wear resistance

8.7—Finishing Class 7 floors

8.8—Finishing Class 8 floors (two-course unbonded)

8.9—Finishing Class 9 floors

8.10—Toppings for precast floors

8.11—Finishing lightweight concrete

8.12—Nonslip floors

8.13—Decorative and nonslip treatments

8.14—Grinding as a repair procedure

8.15—Floor flatness and levelness

8.16—Treatment when bleeding is a problem

8.17—Delays in cold-weather finishing

Chapter 9—Curing, protection, and joint filling,

p. 302.1R-59

9.1—Purpose of curing

9.2—Methods of curing

9.3—Curing at joints

9.4—Curing special concrete

9.5—Length of curing

9.6—Preventing plastic-shrinkage cracking

9.7—Curing after grinding

9.8—Protection of slab during construction

9.9—Temperature drawdown in cold storage and freezer rooms

9.10—Joint filling and sealing

Chapter 10—Quality control checklist, p. 302.1R-61

10.1—Introduction

10.2—Partial list of important items to be observed

Chapter 11—Causes of floor and slab surface

imperfections, p. 302.1R-62

11.1—Introduction

11.2—Cracking

11.3—Low wear resistance

11.4—Dusting

11.5—Scaling

11.6—Popouts

11.7—Blisters and delamination

11.8—Spalling

11.9—Discoloration

11.10—Low spots and poor drainage

11.11—Curling

11.12—Analysis of surface imperfections

Chapter 12—References, p. 302.1R-71

12.1—Referenced standards and reports

12.2—Cited references

12.3—Other references

CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION

1.1—Purpose and scope

This guide presents state-of-the-art information relative to

the construction of slab-on-ground and suspended-slab

floors for industrial, commercial, and institutional buildings.

It is applicable to the construction of normalweight and struc-

tural lightweight concrete floors and slabs made with conven-

tional portland and blended cements. Slabs specifically

intended for the containment of liquids are beyond the scope

of this document.

CONCRETE FLOOR AND SLAB CONSTRUCTION 302.1R-3

The design of slabs-on-ground should conform to the

recommendations of ACI 360R. Refer to ACI 223 for

procedures for the design and construction of shrinkage-

compensating concrete slabs-on-ground. The design of

suspended floors should conform to requirements of ACI 318

and ACI 421.1R. See Section 1.2 for relevant work by these

and other committees.

This guide identifies the various classes of floors as to

•Use;

• Design details as they apply to construction;

• Necessary site preparation; and

• Type of concrete and related materials.

In general, the characteristics of the concrete slab surface

and the performance of joints have a powerful impact on the

serviceability of floors and other slabs. Because the eventual

success of a concrete floor installation depends on the

mixture proportions and floor finishing techniques used,

considerable attention is given to critical aspects of

achieving the desired finishes and the required floor surface

tolerances. This guide emphasizes choosing and propor-

tioning of materials, design details, proper construction

methods, and workmanship.

1.1.1 Prebid meeting—While this guide does provide a

reasonable overview of concrete floor construction, it should

be emphasized that every project is unique; circumstances can

dictate departures from the recommendations contained herein.

Accordingly, contractors and suppliers are urged to make a

thorough review of contract documents before bid preparation.

The best forum for such a review is the prebid meeting. This

meeting offers bidders an opportunity to ask questions and

clarify their understanding of contract documents before

submitting their bids. A prebid meeting also provides the

owner and the owner’s designer an opportunity to clarify intent

where documents are unclear and to respond to last-minute

questions in a manner that provides bidders an opportunity to

be equally responsive to the contract documents.

1.1.2 Preconstruction meeting—Construction of any slab-

on-ground or suspended floor or slab involves the coordinated

efforts of many subcontractors and material suppliers. It is

strongly recommended that the designer require a precon-

struction meeting to be held to establish and to coordinate

procedures that will enable key participants to produce the

best possible product under the anticipated field conditions.

This meeting should be attended by responsible representa-

tives of organizations and material suppliers directly involved

with either the design or construction of floors.

The preconstruction meeting should confirm and docu-

ment the responsibilities and anticipated interaction of key

participants involved in floor slab construction. Following is

a list of agenda items appropriate for such a meeting; many

of the items are those for which responsibility should be

clearly established in the contract documents. The following

list is not necessarily all-inclusive:

1. Site preparation;

2. Grades for drainage, if any;

3. Work associated with installation of auxiliary materials,

such as vapor barriers, vapor retarders, edge insulation, elec-

trical conduit, mechanical sleeves, drains, and embedded plates;

4. Class of floor;

5. Floor thickness;

6. Reinforcement, when required;

7. Construction tolerances: base (rough and fine grading),

forms, slab thickness, surface configuration, and floor flatness

and levelness requirements (including how and when

measured);

8. Joints and load-transfer mechanism;

9. Materials: cements, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate,

water, and admixtures (usually by reference to applicable

ASTM standards);

10. Special aggregates, admixtures, or monolithic surface

treatments, where applicable;

11. Concrete specifications, to include the following:

a. Compressive strength, flexural strength, or both,

and finishability (Section 6.2);

b. Minimum cementitious material content, if appli-

cable (Table 6.2);

c. Maximum size, grading, and type of coarse aggregate;

d. Grading and type of fine aggregate;

e. Combined aggregate grading;

f. Air content of concrete, if applicable (Section 6.2.7);

g. Slump of concrete (Section 6.2.5);

h. Water-cement ratio (w/c) or water-cementitious

material ratio (w/cm); and

i. Preplacement soaking requirement for lightweight

aggregates.

12. Measuring, mixing, and placing procedures (usually

by reference to specifications or recommended practices);

13. Strikeoff method;

14. Recommended finishing methods and tools, where

required;

15. Coordination of floor finish requirements with those

required for floor coverings such as vinyl, ceramic tile, or

wood that are to be applied directly to the floor;

16. Curing procedures, length of curing, necessary protec-

tion, and time before opening slabs for traffic (ACI 308R);

17. Testing and inspection requirements; and

18. Acceptance criteria and remedial measures to be used,

if required.

Additional issues specific to suspended slab construction

are as follows:

1. Form tolerances and preplacement quality assurance

survey procedures for cast-in-place construction;

2. Erection tolerances and preplacement quality assurance

survey procedures for composite slab construction (see

ANSI/ASCE 3 and ANSI/ASCE 9 [Section 12.1]);

3. Form stripping procedures, if applicable; and

4. Items listed in Section 3.3 that are appropriate to the

structural system(s) used for the project.

1.1.3 Quality assurance—Adequate provisions should be

made to ensure that the constructed product meets or exceeds

the requirements of the project documents. Toward this end,

quality control procedures should be established and main-

tained throughout the entire construction process.

The quality of a completed concrete slab depends on the

skill of individuals who place, finish, and test the material.

As an aid to ensuring a high-quality finished product, the

文档加载中……请稍候！
如果长时间未打开，您也可以点击刷新试试。

下载文档到电脑，查找使用更方便

亲，本站95%以上的标准规范都面向会员免费，办理VIP会员下载更省钱，平均每篇不到2元

立即下载 VIP免费下载

摘要：

This comprehensive guide, ACI 302.1R-04, serves as an essential resource for engineers, contractors, and construction professionals involved in concrete floor and slab construction. It covers critical aspects such as material selection, mixture propo

展开>> 收起<<

ACI 302.1R-04 Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction.pdf

共77页,预览4页

还剩页未读，继续阅读

声明：本文档系会员上传，若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私，请立即通知，我们立即给予侵权申诉删除！

ACI 302.1R-04 Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction

相关推荐

开通VIP享超值会员特权

相关内容

热门标签

举报选择: