AATCC TM193-2023 水性液体斥力测试方法：耐水耐酒精溶液

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AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2025 AATCC TM193-2023 383

1. Purpose and Scope

1.1 This test method can be used to de-

termine the efficacy of a protective finish

that is capable of imparting a low energy

surface on all types of fabrics, by evaluat-

ing the fabric’s resistance to wetting by a

selected series of water/alcohol solutions

of different surface tensions.

2. Principle

2.1 Drops of standard test liquids,

consisting of a selected series of water/

alcohol solutions with varying surface

tensions, are placed on the fabric surface

and observed for wetting, wicking and

contact angle. The aqueous repellency

grade is the highest numbered test liquid

which does not wet the fabric surface.

(The scale ranges from zero to eight, with

a rating of eight signifying the most re-

pellent surface.)

3. Terminology

3.1 grade, n.—in textile testing, the

symbol for any step of a multi-step stan-

dard reference scale for a quality charac-

teristic.

NOTE: The grade is assigned to test

specimens exhibiting a degree of quality

comparable to that step of the standard.

3.2 aqueous repellency, n.—in tex-

tiles, the characteristic of a fiber, yarn or

fabric whereby it resists wetting by aque-

ous liquids.

4. Safety Precautions

NOTE: These safety precautions are

for information purposes only. The pre-

cautions are ancillary to the testing pro-

cedures and are not intended to be all

inclusive. It is the user’s responsibility to

use safe and proper techniques in han-

dling materials in this test method. Manu-

facturers MUST be consulted for specific

details such as material safety data sheets

and other manufacturer’s recommenda-

tions. All OSHA standards and rules

must also be consulted and followed.

4.1 Good laboratory practices should

be followed. Wear safety glasses and

impervious gloves when handling test

liquids in all laboratory areas.

4.2 The alcohol specified in this

method is flammable. Keep away from

heat, sparks and open flame. Use with ad-

equate ventilation. Avoid prolonged

breathing of vapor or contact with skin.

Do not ingest.

4.3 Exposure to chemicals used in this

procedure must be controlled at or below

levels set by governmental authorities

[e.g., Occupational Safety and Health

Administration’s (OSHA) permissible

exposure limits (PEL) as found in 29

CFR 1910.1000; see web site: www.

osha.gov for latest version]. In addition,

the American Conference of Govern-

mental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)

Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) compris-

ing time weighted averages (TLV-TWA),

short term exposure limits (TLV-STEL)

and ceiling limits (TLV-C) are recom-

mended as a general guide for air con-

taminant exposure which should be met

(see 12.1).

5. Uses and Limitations

5.1 This test method is not intended to

give an absolute measure of the resis-

tance of the fabric to staining by all aque-

ous materials. Other factors, such as

composition and viscosity of the aqueous

substances, fabric construction, fiber

type, dyes, other finishing agents, etc.,

also influence stain resistance. This test

can, however, provide a rough index of

aqueous stain resistance, in that generally

the higher the aqueous solution repel-

lency grade, the better resistance to stain-

ing by aqueous materials, especially liquid

aqueous substances. This is particularly

true when comparing various finishes for

a given fabric.

6. Apparatus and Materials (see 12.2)

6.1 Test liquids prepared and num-

bered according to Table IV.

6.2 Dropping bottles (see 12.3).

6.3 White AATCC Textile Blotting

Paper (see 12.4).

6.4 Laboratory gloves (general purpose

is sufficient).

7. Test Specimens

7.1 Test two specimens of the same

size from each sample. Specimen size

should be sufficient to allow for the com-

plete range of test liquids to be evaluated,

but shall be no smaller than 20 × 20 cm

(8×8 in.) and no larger than 20 × 40 cm

(8×16 in.). Specimens from sample to

sample should be the same size. Condi-

tion the test specimens for a minimum of

4 h at 21 ± 2C (70 ± 4F) and 65 ± 5% RH

prior to testing (see 12.5).

8. Procedure

8.1 Place the test specimen flat on the

white textile blotting paper on a smooth,

horizontal surface.

8.1.1 When evaluating open weave or

“thin” fabrics, conduct the test on at least

two layers of the fabric; otherwise, the

test liquid may wet the underlying sur-

face, not the actual test fabric, and

thereby cause confusion in the reading of

the results.

8.2 Wearing clean laboratory gloves,

brush the pile of napped or pile fabrics

lightly with your hand in the direction

giving the greatest lay of the surface prior

to placing the drops of the test liquid.

8.3 Beginning with the lowest-num-

bered test liquid (AATCC Aqueous Solu-

tion Test Grade Liquid No. 1), carefully

place small drops [approximately 5 mm

(0.19 in.) in diameter or 0.05 mL volume]

on the test specimen in three locations

along the filling direction. The drops

should be approximately 4.0 cm (1.5 in.)

apart. The dropper tip should be held at a

height of approximately 0.6 cm (0.25 in.)

from the fabric surface while placing

drops. DO NOT TOUCH THE FABRIC

WITH THE DROPPER TIP. Observe the

drops for 10 ± 2 s, from approximately a

45° angle.

8.4 If no penetration or wetting of the

fabric at the liquid-fabric interface and no

wicking around the drops occur, place

drops of the next higher-numbered test

liquid at an adjacent site on the fabric and

again observe for 10 ± 2 s.

8.5 Continue this procedure until one

of the test liquids shows obvious wetting

or wicking of the fabric under or around

the drop within 10 ± 2 s.

9. Evaluation

9.1 The AATCC Aqueous Solution Re-

pellency Grade of a fabric is the numeri-

cal value of the highest-numbered test

liquid which will not wet the fabric

within a period of 10 ± 2 s. A grade of

zero (0) is assigned when the fabric fails

the 98:2 water/isopropyl alcohol solution

test liquid. Wetting of the fabric is nor-

mally evidenced by a darkening of the

fabric at the liquid-fabric interface or

wicking and/or loss of contact angle of

the drop. On black or dark fabrics, wet-

ting can be detected by loss of “sparkle”

AATCC TM193-2023

Test Method for Aqueous Liquid Repellency:

Water/Alcohol Solution Resistance

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris Not for Resale, 2025-04-14 18:24:10 UTC

Sold to: Nawal Analytical Labs India Private limited

Order Number: 00015024

384 AATCC TM193-2023 AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2025

within the drop.

9.2 Different types of wetting may be

encountered depending on the finish, fi-

ber, construction, etc.; the determination

of the end point can be difficult on certain

fabrics. Many fabrics will show complete

resistance to wetting by a given test liq-

uid (as indicated by a clear drop with a

high contact angle, see Fig. 1, Example

A) followed by immediate penetration by

the next higher-numbered test liquid. In

these instances, the end point and aque-

ous solution repellency grade is obvious.

However, some fabrics will show pro-

gressive wetting under several test liquids

as evidenced by a partial darkening of the

fabric at the liquid-fabric interface (see

Fig. 1, Examples B, C and D). For such

fabrics, the point of failure is considered

to be the test liquid which exhibits com-

plete darkening of the interface or any

wicking within 10 ± 2 s.

9.3 A failure occurs when two (or

more) of the three drops applied from a

given test liquid show complete wetting

(Fig. 1[D]) or wicking with loss of con-

tact angle (Fig. 1[C]). A pass occurs if

two (or more) of the three drops applied

show clear well-rounded appearance with

high contact angle (Fig. 1[A]). The grade

is expressed as the integer value of the

pass test liquid immediately prior to the

fail test liquid. A borderline pass occurs

if two (or more) of the three drops ap-

plied show the rounded drop with partial

darkening of the test specimen (Fig.

1[B]). The grade is expressed to the near-

est 0.5 value determined by subtracting

one-half from the number of the border-

line pass test liquid.

10. Report

10.1 The specimen size used for testing

should be reported (see 7.1).

10.2 The aqueous solution repellency

grade should be measured on two sepa-

rate specimens. If the two grades agree,

report the value. When the two grades are

not in agreement, a third determination

should be made. Report the grade of the

third determination if that value is the

same as either of the first two determina-

tions. When the third determination is

different from either of the first two, re-

port the median value. Report the aque-

ous solution repellency grade to the near-

est 0.5 value (see Fig. 1 and 9.3).

11. Precision and Bias

11.1 Summary. Intralaboratory tests

were conducted in November 2002 and

January 2003 to establish the precision of

this test method. Both intralab testings in-

volved two participants in one laboratory

rating two specimens of each of seven

fabrics each day for three days. The

grades of these intralabs use the scale

from 1-10. All materials necessary for the

intralabs were provided by customer fab-

ric trials and were processed at two finish

load levels. The fabrics used included ny-

lon, polyester, cotton and polyester/cot-

ton materials. The unit of measure was

the median of the grades of the two (or

three) specimens rated each day.

11.2 The components of variance as

standard deviations of the aqueous solu-

tion repellency grade were calculated as

shown in Table I.

11.3 Critical differences. For the com-

ponents of variance in 11.2, two observa-

tions should be considered significantly

different at the 95% confidence level if

the difference equals or exceeds the criti-

cal differences shown in Table II.

A = Passes; clear well-rounded drop

B = Borderline pass; rounding drop with partial darkening

C = Fails; wicking apparent and/or complete wetting

D = Fails; complete wetting

Fig. 1—Grading example.

Table I—Components of Variance

Table for Alcohol/water test

Single operator 0.26

Between operator/within laboratories 0.43

Table II—Critical Differencesa

No. of

Observationsb

Single

Operator

Within

Laboratory

1 0.50 0.79

2 0.18 0.59

3 0.15 0.48

aThe critical differences were calculated using t –

1.950, which is based on infinite degrees of

freedom.

bAn observation is a unit of measure obtained

from the median of the grades for 2 (or 3)

specimens.

Table III—Mean Values from

Testing of Specimens

Fabric

Finish load level

Low High

Cotton 3.5 5.5

Polyester 7.5

Cotton/Polyester 1.5 2.5

Nylon 6 8

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris Not for Resale, 2025-04-14 18:24:10 UTC

Sold to: Nawal Analytical Labs India Private limited

Order Number: 00015024

AATCC Manual of International Test Methods and Procedures/2025 AATCC TM193-2023 385

11.4 Bias. The true value of the aque-

ous solution repellency grade can only be

defined in terms of this test method.

Within this limitation, this test method

has no known bias.

12. Notes

12.1 Available from Publications Office,

ACGIH, Kemper Woods Center, 1330

Kemper Meadow Dr., Cincinnati OH 45240;

tel: +1.513.742.2020; web site: www.acgih.org.

12.2 For potential equipment information

pertaining to this test method, please visit

the online AATCC Buyer’s Guide at www.

aatcc.org/bg. AATCC provides the possibility

of listing equipment and materials sold by its

Corporate members, but AATCC does not

qualify, or in any way approve, endorse or cer-

tify that any of the listed equipment or materi-

als meets the requirements in its test methods.

12.3 For convenience, it is desirable to

transfer the test liquids from stock solutions to

dropping bottles; each marked with the appro-

priate AATCC Aqueous Solution Repellency

Grade number. A typical system found useful

consists of 60 mL dropping bottles with

ground-in pipettes and Neoprene bulbs. Prior

to use the bulbs should be soaked in heptane

for several hours and then rinsed in fresh hep-

tane to remove soluble substances. It has been

found helpful to place the test liquids in se-

quential order in a wooden platform on the

grading table. NOTE: Ratio of test liquids

does affect surface tension of the liquid. Use

only analytical grades of test liquids. The sur-

face tension of the liquids should be checked

every month or the liquids in the dropper bot-

tles should be replaced every month from a

sealed stock solution bottle since the isopropyl

alcohol concentration decreases due to evapo-

ration.

12.4 Available from AATCC, P.O. Box

12215, Research Triangle Park NC 27709;

tel: +1.919.549.8141; fax: +1.919.549.8933;

e-mail: ordering@aatcc.org; web site: www.

aatcc.org.

12.5 Often AATCC TM118 (Test Method

for Oil Repellency: Hydrocarbon Resistance)

and AATCC TM193 are done concurrently. It

is recommended that the specimen sizes for

each test be the same.

13 History

13.1 Revised in 2023 to add History Sec-

tion and clarity.

13.2 Revised 2019, 2018; reaffirmed

2017;revised 2016; reaffirmed 2012;revised

2011, 2010,2008; revised 2007; editorially re-

vised 2006; reaffirmed and editorially revised

2005.

13.3 Developed in 2004 by AATCC Com-

mittee RA56; Technically equivalent to ISO

23232.

Table IV—Standard Test Liquids

AATCC Aqueous Solution

Repellency Grade Number Composition

Surface Tensions

0 None (fails 98% water)

1 98:2/Water : isopropyl alcohol (vol:vol) 59.0

2 95:5/Water : isopropyl alcohol (vol:vol) 50.0

3 90:10/Water : isopropyl alcohol (vol:vol) 42.0

4 80:20/Water : isopropyl alcohol (vol:vol) 33.0

5 70:30/Water : isopropyl alcohol (vol:vol) 27.5

6 60:40/Water : isopropyl alcohol (vol:vol) 25.4

7 50:50/Water : isopropyl alcohol (vol:vol) 24.5

8 40:60/Water : isopropyl alcohol (vol:vol) 24.0

*N = dynes/cm at 25°C

Provided by Accuris under license with AATCC

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris Not for Resale, 2025-04-14 18:24:10 UTC

Sold to: Nawal Analytical Labs India Private limited

Order Number: 00015024

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标签： #测试方法 #液体 #酒精

摘要：

AATCC TM193-2023 是一项由美国纺织化学师与染色师协会制定的标准测试方法，专门用于评估织物对水性液体（包括水与酒精溶液）的斥力性能。该方法通过将不同浓度的水与酒精混合液滴落在织物表面，观察其润湿、吸附或渗透情况，从而衡量材料在特定液体环境下的抗渗透和抗污染能力。该标准适用于纺织品的耐水性、耐酒精性能测试，广泛应用于户外服装、防护面料、医用纺织品及功能性涂层材料等领域的质量评估与产品开发。掌握 AATCC TM193-2023 的测试流程与判定标准，有助于企业提高产品在防水、耐污、抗

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