ASTM B521 - 25 钽及钽合金无缝和焊接管标准规范

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Designation: B521 −25
Standard Speciﬁcation for
Tantalum and Tantalum Alloy Seamless and Welded Tubes
1
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation B521; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This speciﬁcation covers tantalum and tantalum alloy
seamless and welded tubes of the following grades:
1.1.1 UNS Grade R05400—Unalloyed tantalum, powder-
metallurgy consolidation,
1.1.2 UNS Grade R05200—Unalloyed tantalum, vacuum
melted,
1.1.3 UNS Grade R05252—Tantalum + 2.5 % tungsten
alloy, vacuum melted.
1.1.4 UNS Grade R05255—Tantalum + 10 % tungsten
alloy, vacuum melted.
1.1.5 UNS Grade R05240—Tantalum alloy, 60 % tantalum,
40 % niobium, electron-beam furnace, vacuum arc melt, or
both.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
terials
E29 Practice for Using Signiﬁcant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Speciﬁcations
E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and
Tubing
E426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Examina-
tion of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium,
Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
E499 Practice for Leaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak
Detector in the Detector Probe Mode
2.2 Other Documents:
ASNT Document SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualiﬁcation and
Certiﬁcation in Nondestructive Testing
3
3. Terminology
3.1 Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:
3.1.1 lot, n—all material produced from the same ingot or
single powder blend, of the same size and last annealed in the
same furnace charge.
3.1.2 process length, n—the one-piece length of each tube
that results from the production operation that ﬁrst yields the
tubular form. Sampling and testing should in general be based
on process lengths unless speciﬁcally stated otherwise.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this speciﬁcation shall include
the following information:
4.1.1 Quantity,
4.1.2 UNS grade,
4.1.3 Type (welded or seamless),
4.1.4 Dimensions,
4.1.5 Nondestructive test requirements, designation of in-
spection and testing options if the purchaser has a preference,
and
4.1.6 Additions to the speciﬁcation and supplementary
requirements, if any.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Seamless tube shall be made by any seamless method
that will yield a product meeting the requirements of this
speciﬁcation. Intermediate or ﬁnal annealing (if required), or
both, shall be accomplished in a manner to prevent contami-
nation and absorption of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon
during the annealing process.
1
This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on
Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee B10.03 on Niobium, Tantalum, and Vanadium.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2025. Published April 2025. Originally
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as B521 – 22. DOI:
10.1520/B0521-25.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from the American Society for Nondestructive Testing International
Service Center, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518, https://
www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1

5.2 Welded tube shall be made from ﬂat-rolled product by
an automatic or semiautomatic fusion welding process with no
addition of ﬁller metal.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements of
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
6.1.1 Analysis for elements not listed in Table 1 and not
normally expected in tantalum shall not be required unless
speciﬁed at time of purchase.
6.2 The manufacturer’s ingot analysis shall be considered
the chemical analysis for products supplied under this speciﬁ-
cation except for the interstitial elements carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, and nitrogen which shall be analyzed for each lot of
a ﬁnished product.
6.3 Seamless unalloyed tantalum tubing made from powder-
metallurgy consolidation (UNS Grade R05400) shall be ana-
lyzed for all elements listed in Table 1 for each lot of a ﬁnished
product.
7. Mechanical Properties
7.1 Tensile, Yield, and Elongation—The mechanical proper-
ties of the ﬁnished tube material shall conform to the require-
ments of Table 2. Conduct tension tests in accordance with Test
Methods E8/E8M. Determine the yield strength by the 0.2 %
offset method. Small size, 1 in (25.4 mm) gauge length speci-
mens proportional to the standard specimen can be used. The
tensile properties shall be determined using a strain rate of
0.003 in. ⁄in. ⁄min to 0.007 in./in./min [or mm/mm/min] through
the yield strength. After the yield strength has been exceeded,
increase the cross-head speed to approximately 0.05 in./in./min
to failure.
7.2 Flare—A section of the ﬁnished tube shall be capable of
being ﬂared without cracking visibly to the unaided eye. The
ﬂare shall be made with a tool having a 60° included angle until
the outside diameter has been increased 20 %.
7.3 Reverse Flattening—A section of welded tube that is slit
longitudinally 90° either side of the weld shall be opened and
ﬂattened with the weld at the point of maximum bend. No
cracking is permitted.
7.4 Flattening Test—Seamless tubing shall be subject to a
ﬂattening test with no evidence of cracking. Examination for
cracking shall be performed by visual examination which may
be supplemented using dye penetrant examination. A section of
tube shall be ﬂattened under a gradually applied load at room
temperature until the distance between the load plattens is H
inches. H shall be calculated as follows:
H, in.
~
mm
!
5
~
11e
!
t/e1
~
t/D
!
(1)
where:
H = minimum ﬂattened height, in. (mm),
t = nominal wall thickness, in. (mm),
D = nominal tube diameter, in. (mm),
e = 0.040 for tubing through 1 in. (25.4 mm) diameter, and
e = 0.060 for tubing larger than 1 in. (25.4 mm) diameter.
7.5 One set of these mechanical tests shall be made on each
lot of tubes and for each ﬁfty process length tubes of each lot
or fraction thereof.
8. Nondestructive Test Requirements
8.1 Each tube shall be pressure tested by either hydrostatic
or pneumatic methods as described in 8.2 or 8.3. Each tube
shall also be examined for tube wall defects by either Ultra-
sonic Testing as described in 8.5 or Eddy Current testing per
8.6. The selection of the testing methods to be performed
(hydrostatic or pneumatic and Eddy Current or Ultrasonic)
shall be at the option of the manufacturer unless speciﬁed on
the purchase order.
8.2 Hydrostatic Test—Each tube so tested shall withstand
without showing bulges, leaks, or other defects, an internal
hydrostatic pressure that will produce in the tube wall a stress
of 75 % of the minimum speciﬁed yield strength at room
temperature. This pressure shall be determined by the equation:
P52St/D(2)
where:
P= minimum hydrostatic pressure, psi (or MPa),
S= allowable ﬁber stress of 75 % of the minimum yield
strength, psi (or MPa),
t= average wall thickness of the tube, in. (or mm), and
D= outside diameter of the tube in. (or mm).
Maintain the test pressure for a minimum of 10 s. Any drop
in pressure during the test interval greater than 5 % of the test
pressure shall be considered as a rejectable defect. The test may
be repeated if the pressure drop was due to test equipment
TABLE 1 Ingot Chemical Requirements
Element (Composition, max weight %)
R05200 R05400 R05252 R05255 R05240
O 0.015 0.030 0.015 0.015 0.020
N 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
C 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
H 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015
Nb 0.10 0.10 0.50 0.10 35.0–42.0
Mo 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020
W 0.050 0.050 2.0–3.5 9.0–11.0 0.050
Ti 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
Si 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
Fe 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
Ni 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
Ta remainder remainder remainder remainder remainder
B521 − 25
2

malfunction. No additional pressure may be applied during the

test interval in order to maintain pressure.

8.3 Pneumatic Test—As an alternative to hydrostatic testing,

each tube shall withstand an internal air pressure of 100 psi

(0.7 MPa), minimum for 5 s, minimum without showing

evidence of leakage. The test method used shall permit easy

visual detection of any leakage such as by placing the tube

under water or by using the pressure differential method. Any

evidence of the leakage shall be cause of rejection of that tube.

See Practice E499.

8.4 Helium Leak Test—If speciﬁed in the purchase order,

each tube shall be tested by evacuating to an internal pressure

of 10 × 10

−6

torr (1.3 MPa) or less and tested for leakage by

spraying helium along the length of the outside surface.

Detection of a leak at a rate greater than 10 × 10

−7

standard

/s shall be cause of rejection of that tube.

8.5 Ultrasonic Test—Each length of tube shall be tested

ultrasonically. The test procedure and calibration standards

shall be performed in accordance with Practice E213 and shall

be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser when

speciﬁed on the purchase order. Any tube showing an indica-

tion in excess of that obtained from the calibration standard

shall be set aside and be subject to rework, retest, or rejection.

A tube thus set aside may be further examined by other

methods for conﬁrmation of the presence of a defect with or

without rework; such a tube may be determined acceptable if

no other evidence for a defect is found. (Rework by weld repair

is not permitted.)

8.6 Eddy Current Test—As an alternative to Ultrasonic

Testing (or in addition to Ultrasonic Testing if speciﬁed on the

purchase order) each length of tubing shall be Eddy Current

tested in accordance with the requirements of Practice E426.

The procedure shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer

and the purchaser when speciﬁed on the purchase order. The

Eddy Current test shall use multiple frequency analysis (Eddy

Array or equivalent) to achieve full volumetric inspection. The

effectiveness of the Eddy Current examination procedure shall

be veriﬁed by demonstrating the ability to detect OD pits of

25 %, 50 % and 75 % of the wall thickness plus a transverse

OD notch and longitudinal ID and OD notches. OD pits shall

include ﬂat bottom and round defects if the tubing has

sufficient wall thickness. The three OD pits shall be equally

spaced circumferentially around the tube and longitudinally

separated by a sufficient distance to allow distinct identiﬁcation

of the signal from each pit. The pits shall not be larger in

diameter than 0.031 in. (0.787 mm). The depth of the notches

shall not exceed 10 % of the wall thickness or 0.004 in.

(0.10 mm) whichever is greater. The notch width shall not

exceed 0.031 in. (0.787 mm) and the length shall not be greater

than 0.125 in. (3.18 mm). The calibration tube standard shall be

of the same diameter, wall thickness and material grade as the

product to be examined. The examination shall be performed

by a qualiﬁed technician who is certiﬁed to the requirements of

ASNT document SNT-TC-1A or equivalent.

9. Permissible Variations

9.1 Diameter and Wall Thickness—The permissible varia-

tions in diameter and wall thickness of tubes speciﬁed in the

purchase order shall not exceed those prescribed in Table 3.

TABLE 2 Mechanical Requirements

Grade Ultimate Tensile Strength,

min, psi (MPa)

Yield Strength, min,

psi (MPa)

(0.2 % Offset)

Elongation, min, %

1-in. or 2 in. Gauge Length

(25 or 51 mm)

Unalloyed tantalum

(R05200) Seamless, welded <0.060 in. thick 30 000 (207) 20 000 (138) 25

(R05400) Welded $0.060 in. thick 25 000 (172) 15 000 (103) 30

90 % tantalum – Welded from sheet or strip 70 000 (482) 60 000 (414) 15

10 % tungsten Seamless or Welded from plate 70 000 (482) 55 000 (379) 20

(R05255)

97.5 % tantalum – Seamless 40 000 (276) 28 000 (193) 20

2.5 % tungsten Welded <0.125 in. thick 40 000 (276) 30 000 (207) 20

(R05252) Welded $0.125 in. thick 40 000 (276) 22 000 (152) 25

60 % tantalum – Seamless, welded <0.060 in. thick 40 000 (276) 28 000 (193) 20

40 % niobium Welded $0.060 in. thick 35 000 (241) 15 000 (103) 20

(R05240)

TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Dimensions Based on

Individual Measurements

Outside Diameter,

in. (mm)

Diameter

Tolerance,

A,B

Plus or Minus,

in. (mm)

Permissible

Variations

C,D

in Wall

Thickness, %

Under 1 (25.4), excl 0.004 (0.102) 10

1 to 1

⁄

(25.4 to 38.1), excl 0.005 (0.127) 10

⁄

to 2 (38.1 to 50.8), excl 0.006 (0.152) 10

2 to 2

⁄

(50.8 to 63.5), excl 0.007 (0.178) 10

⁄

to 3

⁄

(63.5 to 88.9), excl 0.010 (0.254) 10

⁄

to 8 (88.9 to 203.2) and larger 0.5 % of dia. 12.5

These permissible variations in outside diameter apply only to tubes as ﬁnished

at the mill before subsequent swaging, expanding, bending, polishing, or other

fabricating operation.

Ovality is the maximum and minimum outside diameter of a tube measured at

any one cross section. If the measurement is made with a ring gage the following

formula shall apply: Ovality = speciﬁed OD tube + diameter tolerance + 0.002 in.

(length of ring gage, 1 in.) × nominal diameter.

When minimum wall tubes are ordered, tolerances are all plus and shall be

double the values shown.

Tubing wall thickness shall not vary by more than 5 % around the circumference

of the tube when measured at any speciﬁc cross section for tubing with a wall

thickness of 0.078 in. (2.0 mm) or less.

B521 − 25

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标签： #合金 #无缝 #焊接

摘要：

本页面详细介绍 ASTM B521 - 25《钽及钽合金无缝和焊接管标准规范》的核心技术要求，涵盖钽及钽合金无缝管与焊接管的材料成分、力学性能、尺寸公差、制造工艺及检测方法。该标准适用于化工、航空航天、核能及半导体等需高耐腐蚀性环境的管材选型与质量验收。通过本规范，用户可明确钽管在高温、强酸工况下的应用优势，并了解无缝管与焊接管在工艺上的差异及适用场景。文档还包含标准修订历史、相关试验标准（如 ASTM E8、E112）及常见 FAQ，帮助工程人员、采购方及质检机构快速掌握合规要点，确保管材在极

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